{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.bios.2026.118950","kind":"article","title":"A thermally actuated 3D foldable bioelectronic interface for multimodal electrophysiological and cytokine profiling of human spinal cord organoids","authors":["Lee S","Han S","Shin H","Lee JH","Chou N"],"author_count":5,"year":2026,"published":"2026-06-23","venue":"Biosensors & bioelectronics","cited_by":0,"doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118950","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2026.118950","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1016/j.bios.2026.118950","updated":null,"pmid":"42361605","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":null,"pdf_url":null,"abstract":"Three-dimensional (3D) organoids provide physiologically relevant models for studying human neural development and disease; however, stable bioelectronic interfacing with curved and dynamic organoid surfaces remains challenging. Here, we present a thermally actuated, shape-memory polymer (SMP)-based foldable bioelectronic interface for simultaneous electrophysiological recording and electrochemical cytokine sensing in human spinal cord organoids (hSCOs). Near physiological temperature (36-37 °C), the SMP substrate undergoes pronounced mechanical softening, enabling conformal 3D wrapping around organoids without external mechanical compression. The platform integrates gold microelectrodes for extracellular neural recording and antibody-functionalized sensing electrodes for label-free cytokine detection. Finite element simulations and experimental mechanical analyses confirmed temperature-dependent bending, enhanced conformal contact, low interfacial stress, and mechanically stable biointerfacing. Electrochemical characterization demonstrated linear cytokine sensing responses over 1-100 ng/ml, with calculated limits of detection (LOD) of 0.44 ng/ml for TNF-α and 0.41 ng/ml for IL-8. Using this multimodal platform, stable electrophysiological recordings and cytokine monitoring were simultaneously obtained from hSCOs under inflammatory stimulation. TNF-α treatment induced dose-dependent increases in neural firing activity together with corresponding electrochemical cytokine responses. Collectively, this thermally adaptive bioelectronic interface provides a minimally invasive platform for integrated electrical and biochemical profiling of intact organoids and offers a promising tool for neuroinflammatory organoid studies.","abstract_license":"CC-BY (article license as recorded by Europe PMC; abstract reproduced unmodified apart from markup removal)","license":"CC-BY","is_open_access":false,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":[],"details":null,"provenance":"europepmc","attribution":"Abstract of \"A thermally actuated 3D foldable bioelectronic interface for multimodal electrophysiological and cytokine profiling of human spinal cord organoids\" by Lee S, Han S, Shin H et al., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2026.118950, used under its Creative Commons Attribution license (CC-BY); markup removed, otherwise unmodified.","topics":[{"slug":"organoids","name":"Organoids & Organ-on-Chip","domain_slug":"biotech"}],"cited_in_dossiers":[{"slug":"organoids","title":"Organoids & Organ-on-Chip: State of the Field (October 2026)","url":"https://space-kitty.com/dossiers/organoids"}]}