{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06802-0","kind":"article","title":"Space-time-coding digital metasurfaces","authors":["Lei Zhang","Xiao Qing Chen","Shuo Liu","Qian Zhang","Jie Zhao","Jun Yan Dai","Guo Dong Bai","Xiang Wan","Qiang Cheng","Giuseppe Castaldi","Vincenzo Galdi","Tie Jun Cui"],"author_count":12,"year":2018,"published":"2018-10-12","venue":"Nature Communications","cited_by":1306,"doi":"10.1038/s41467-018-06802-0","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06802-0","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06802-0","updated":null,"pmid":"30337522","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2896507689","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-06802-0.pdf","abstract":"The recently proposed digital coding metasurfaces make it possible to control electromagnetic (EM) waves in real time, and allow the implementation of many different functionalities in a programmable way. However, current configurations are only space-encoded, and do not exploit the temporal dimension. Here, we propose a general theory of space-time modulated digital coding metasurfaces to obtain simultaneous manipulations of EM waves in both space and frequency domains, i.e., to control the propagation direction and harmonic power distribution simultaneously. As proof-of-principle application examples, we consider harmonic beam steering, beam shaping, and scattering-signature control. For validation, we realize a prototype controlled by a field-programmable gate array, which implements the harmonic beam steering via an optimized space-time coding sequence. Numerical and experimental results, in good agreement, demonstrate good performance of the proposed approach, with potential applications to diverse fields such as wireless communications, cognitive radars, adaptive beamforming, holographic imaging.","abstract_license":"CC-BY (publisher license, via OpenAlex)","license":"cc-by","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Abstract of \"Space-time-coding digital metasurfaces\" by Lei Zhang, Xiao Qing Chen, Shuo Liu et al., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06802-0, used under its Creative Commons Attribution license (CC-BY); markup removed, otherwise unmodified.","topics":[{"slug":"metamaterials-photonics","name":"Metamaterials, Nanophotonics & Integrated Photonics","domain_slug":"materials"}],"cited_in_dossiers":[]}