{"id":"doi:10.1038/srep30093","kind":"article","title":"Immune infiltration and PD-L1 expression in the tumor microenvironment are prognostic in osteosarcoma","authors":["Koirala P","Roth ME","Gill J","Piperdi S","Chinai JM","Geller DS","Hoang BH","Park A","Fremed MA","Zang X","Gorlick R"],"author_count":11,"year":2016,"published":"2016-07-26","venue":"Scientific reports","cited_by":231,"doi":"10.1038/srep30093","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep30093","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1038/srep30093","updated":null,"pmid":"27456063","pmcid":"PMC4960483","openalex_id":null,"pdf_url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4960483/pdf","abstract":"Osteosarcoma patient survival has remained stagnant for 30 years. Novel therapeutic approaches are needed to improve outcomes. We examined the expression of Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) and defined the tumor immune microenvironment to assess the prognostic utility in osteosarcoma. PD-L1 expression in osteosarcoma was examined in two patient cohorts using immunohistochemistry (IHC) (n = 48, n = 59) and expression was validated using quantitative real time PCR (n = 21) and western blotting (n = 9). IHC was used to determine the presence of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the tumor. Expression of PD-L1 was correlated with immune cell infiltration and event-free-survival (EFS). The 25% of primary osteosarcoma tumors that express PD-L1 were more likely to contain cells that express PD-1 than PD-L1 negative tumors (91.7% vs 47.2%, p = 0.002). Expression of PD-L1 was significantly associated with the presence of T cells, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells. Although all immune cell types examined were present in osteosarcoma samples, only infiltration by dendritic cells (28.3% vs. 83.9%, p = 0.001) and macrophages (45.5% vs. 84.4%, p = 0.031) were associated with worse five-year-EFS. PD-L1 expression was significantly associated with poorer five-year-EFS (25.0%. vs. 69.4%, p = 0.014). Further studies in osteosarcoma are needed to determine if targeting the PD-L1:PD-1 axis improves survival.","abstract_license":"CC-BY (article license as recorded by Europe PMC; abstract reproduced unmodified apart from markup removal)","license":"CC-BY","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":[],"details":null,"provenance":"europepmc","attribution":"Abstract of \"Immune infiltration and PD-L1 expression in the tumor microenvironment are prognostic in osteosarcoma\" by Koirala P, Roth ME, Gill J et al., https://doi.org/10.1038/srep30093, used under its Creative Commons Attribution license (CC-BY); markup removed, otherwise unmodified.","topics":[{"slug":"cancer-immunotherapy","name":"Cancer Immunotherapy","domain_slug":"medicine"}],"cited_in_dossiers":[]}