{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0046692","kind":"article","title":"A brain-computer interface based attention training program for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","authors":["Lim CG","Lee TS","Guan C","Fung DS","Zhao Y","Teng SS","Zhang H","Krishnan KR"],"author_count":8,"year":2012,"published":"2012-10-24","venue":"PloS one","cited_by":87,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0046692","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0046692","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0046692","updated":null,"pmid":"23115630","pmcid":"PMC3480363","openalex_id":null,"pdf_url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3480363/pdf","abstract":"Unlabelled Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms can be difficult to treat. We previously reported that a 20-session brain-computer interface (BCI) attention training programme improved ADHD symptoms. Here, we investigated a new more intensive BCI-based attention training game system on 20 unmedicated ADHD children (16 males, 4 females) with significant inattentive symptoms (combined and inattentive ADHD subtypes). This new system monitored attention through a head band with dry EEG sensors, which was used to drive a feed forward game. The system was calibrated for each user by measuring the EEG parameters during a Stroop task. Treatment consisted of an 8-week training comprising 24 sessions followed by 3 once-monthly booster training sessions. Following intervention, both parent-rated inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms on the ADHD Rating Scale showed significant improvement. At week 8, the mean improvement was -4.6 (5.9) and -4.7 (5.6) respectively for inattentive symptoms and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms (both p<0.01). Cohen's d effect size for inattentive symptoms was large at 0.78 at week 8 and 0.84 at week 24 (post-boosters). Further analysis showed that the change in the EEG based BCI ADHD severity measure correlated with the change ADHD Rating Scale scores. The BCI-based attention training game system is a potential new treatment for ADHD. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01344044.","abstract_license":"CC-BY (article license as recorded by Europe PMC; abstract reproduced unmodified apart from markup removal)","license":"CC-BY","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":[],"details":null,"provenance":"europepmc","attribution":"Abstract of \"A brain-computer interface based attention training program for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder\" by Lim CG, Lee TS, Guan C et al., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0046692, used under its Creative Commons Attribution license (CC-BY); markup removed, otherwise unmodified.","topics":[{"slug":"brain-computer-interfaces","name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","domain_slug":"neuroscience"}],"cited_in_dossiers":[]}