{"id":"doi:10.18632/oncotarget.13895","kind":"review","title":"PD-1 and its ligands are important immune checkpoints in cancer","authors":["Dong Y","Sun Q","Zhang X"],"author_count":3,"year":2017,"published":"2017-01-01","venue":"Oncotarget","cited_by":251,"doi":"10.18632/oncotarget.13895","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.13895","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.18632/oncotarget.13895","updated":null,"pmid":"27974689","pmcid":"PMC5356790","openalex_id":null,"pdf_url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5356790/pdf","abstract":"Checkpoint programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligands (PD-Ls) have been identified as negative immunoregulatory molecules that promote immune evasion of tumor cells. The interaction of PD-1 and PD-Ls inhibits the function of T cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) while increasing the function of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs). This condition causes the tumor cells to evade immune response. Thus, the blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 enhances anti-tumor immunity by reducing the number and/or the suppressive activity of Tregs and by restoring the activity of effector T cells. Furthermore, some monoclonal antibodies blockading PD-1/PD-Ls axis have achieved good effect and received Food and Drug Administration approval. The role of PD-1/PD-Ls in tumors has been well studied, but little is known on the mechanism by which PD-1 blocks T-cell activation. In this study, we provide a brief overview on the discovery and regulatory mechanism of PD-1 and PD-L1 dysregulation in tumors, as well as the function and signaling pathway of PD-1 and its ligands; their roles in tumor evasion and clinical treatment were also studied.","abstract_license":"CC-BY (article license as recorded by Europe PMC; abstract reproduced unmodified apart from markup removal)","license":"CC-BY","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":[],"details":null,"provenance":"europepmc","attribution":"Abstract of \"PD-1 and its ligands are important immune checkpoints in cancer\" by Dong Y, Sun Q, Zhang X, https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.13895, used under its Creative Commons Attribution license (CC-BY); markup removed, otherwise unmodified.","topics":[{"slug":"cancer-immunotherapy","name":"Cancer Immunotherapy","domain_slug":"medicine"}],"cited_in_dossiers":[]}