{"id":"doi:10.3390/cells9071608","kind":"review","title":"Latest Developed Strategies to Minimize the Off-Target Effects in CRISPR-Cas-Mediated Genome Editing","authors":["Naeem M","Majeed S","Hoque MZ","Ahmad I"],"author_count":4,"year":2020,"published":"2020-07-02","venue":"Cells","cited_by":289,"doi":"10.3390/cells9071608","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9071608","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.3390/cells9071608","updated":null,"pmid":"32630835","pmcid":"PMC7407193","openalex_id":null,"pdf_url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC7407193/pdf","abstract":"Gene editing that makes target gene modification in the genome by deletion or addition has revolutionized the era of biomedicine. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 emerged as a substantial tool due to its simplicity in use, less cost and extraordinary efficiency than the conventional gene-editing tools, including zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs). However, potential off-target activities are crucial shortcomings in the CRISPR system. Numerous types of approaches have been developed to reduce off-target effects. Here, we review several latest approaches to reduce the off-target effects, including biased or unbiased off-target detection, cytosine or adenine base editors, prime editing, dCas9, Cas9 paired nickase, ribonucleoprotein (RNP) delivery and truncated gRNAs. This review article provides extensive information to cautiously interpret off-target effects to assist the basic and clinical applications in biomedicine.","abstract_license":"CC-BY (article license as recorded by Europe PMC; abstract reproduced unmodified apart from markup removal)","license":"CC-BY","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":[],"details":null,"provenance":"europepmc","attribution":"Abstract of \"Latest Developed Strategies to Minimize the Off-Target Effects in CRISPR-Cas-Mediated Genome Editing\" by Naeem M, Majeed S, Hoque MZ et al., https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9071608, used under its Creative Commons Attribution license (CC-BY); markup removed, otherwise unmodified.","topics":[{"slug":"gene-editing-therapies","name":"CRISPR & Gene-Editing Therapies","domain_slug":"medicine"}],"cited_in_dossiers":[]}