{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijms22020843","kind":"review","title":"The Effect of Hypoxia on the Expression of CXC Chemokines and CXC Chemokine Receptors-A Review of Literature","authors":["Korbecki J","Kojder K","Kapczuk P","Kupnicka P","Gawrońska-Szklarz B","Gutowska I","Chlubek D","Baranowska-Bosiacka I"],"author_count":8,"year":2021,"published":"2021-01-15","venue":"International journal of molecular sciences","cited_by":239,"doi":"10.3390/ijms22020843","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020843","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.3390/ijms22020843","updated":null,"pmid":"33467722","pmcid":"PMC7830156","openalex_id":null,"pdf_url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC7830156/pdf","abstract":"Hypoxia is an integral component of the tumor microenvironment. Either as chronic or cycling hypoxia, it exerts a similar effect on cancer processes by activating hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and nuclear factor (NF-κB), with cycling hypoxia showing a stronger proinflammatory influence. One of the systems affected by hypoxia is the CXC chemokine system. This paper reviews all available information on hypoxia-induced changes in the expression of all CXC chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL4, CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL7, CXCL8 (IL-8), CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL12 (SDF-1), CXCL13, CXCL14, CXCL15, CXCL16, CXCL17) as well as CXC chemokine receptors-CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR5, CXCR6, CXCR7 and CXCR8. First, we present basic information on the effect of these chemoattractant cytokines on cancer processes. We then discuss the effect of hypoxia-induced changes on CXC chemokine expression on the angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and recruitment of various cells to the tumor niche, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), regulatory T cells (T regs ) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Finally, the review summarizes data on the use of drugs targeting the CXC chemokine system in cancer therapies.","abstract_license":"CC-BY (article license as recorded by Europe PMC; abstract reproduced unmodified apart from markup removal)","license":"CC-BY","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":[],"details":null,"provenance":"europepmc","attribution":"Abstract of \"The Effect of Hypoxia on the Expression of CXC Chemokines and CXC Chemokine Receptors-A Review of Literature\" by Korbecki J, Kojder K, Kapczuk P et al., https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020843, used under its Creative Commons Attribution license (CC-BY); markup removed, otherwise unmodified.","topics":[{"slug":"cancer-immunotherapy","name":"Cancer Immunotherapy","domain_slug":"medicine"}],"cited_in_dossiers":[]}