{"topic":"cardiovascular-innovation","sort":"top","limit":25,"offset":0,"count":25,"papers":[{"id":"doi:10.1056/nejmoa1615664","kind":"article","title":"Evolocumab and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease","authors":["Marc Steven Sabatine","Robert Patrick Giugliano","ANTHONY C. KEECH","Narimon Honarpour","Stephen D. Wiviott","Sabina A. Murphy","Julia Kuder","Huei Wang","Thomas Liu","Scott M. Wasserman","Peter Sever","Terje Rolf Pedersen"],"author_count":12,"year":2017,"published":"2017-03-17","venue":"New England Journal of Medicine","cited_by":6134,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa1615664","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1615664","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1056/nejmoa1615664","updated":null,"pmid":"28304224","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2596179513","pdf_url":"https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa1615664?articleTools=true","abstract":null,"abstract_license":null,"license":null,"is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Metadata and citation counts: OpenAlex (CC0)."},{"id":"doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx144","kind":"article","title":"Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. 1. Evidence from genetic, epidemiologic, and clinical studies. A consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel","authors":["Brian A. Ference","Henry N. Ginsberg","Ian M Graham","Kausik Kumar Ray","Chris J. Packard","Éric Bruckert","Robert Alexander Hegele","Ronald M. Krauss","Frederick Johan Raal","Heribert Schunkert","Gerald Francis Watts","Jan Borén","Sergio Fazio","Jay D. Horton","L. Masana","Stephen James Nicholls","Børge Grønne Nordestgaard","Bart van de Sluis","Marja‐Riitta Taskinen","Lâle Tokgözoğlu","Ulf Landmesser","Ulrich Laufs","Olov Wiklund","Jane K. Stock","M. John Chapman"],"author_count":26,"year":2017,"published":"2017-03-08","venue":"European Heart Journal","cited_by":3961,"doi":"10.1093/eurheartj/ehx144","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehx144","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx144","updated":null,"pmid":"28444290","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2609543937","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article-pdf/38/32/2459/24120630/ehx144.pdf","abstract":null,"abstract_license":null,"license":"other-oa","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Metadata and citation counts: OpenAlex (CC0)."},{"id":"doi:10.1056/nejmoa1801174","kind":"article","title":"Alirocumab and Cardiovascular Outcomes after Acute Coronary Syndrome","authors":["Gregory G. Schwartz","Philippe Gabríel Steg","Michael J. Szarek","Deepak L. Bhatt","Vera Bittner","Rafael Díaz","Jay M. Edelberg","Shaun G. Goodman","Corinne Hanotin","Robert A. Harrington","J. Wouter Jukema","Guillaume Lecorps","Kenneth W. Mahaffey","Angèle Moryusef","Robert C. Pordy","Kirby Quintero","Matthew T. Roe","William J. Sasiela","Jean‐François Tamby","Pierluigi Tricoci","Harvey Douglas White","Andreas Michael Zeiher"],"author_count":22,"year":2018,"published":"2018-11-07","venue":"New England Journal of Medicine","cited_by":3628,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa1801174","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1801174","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1056/nejmoa1801174","updated":null,"pmid":"30403574","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2899997727","pdf_url":"https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa1801174?articleTools=true","abstract":null,"abstract_license":null,"license":null,"is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Metadata and citation counts: OpenAlex (CC0)."},{"id":"doi:10.1056/nejmoa1812792","kind":"article","title":"Cardiovascular Risk Reduction with Icosapent Ethyl for Hypertriglyceridemia","authors":["Deepak L. Bhatt","Philippe Gabríel Steg","Michael J. Miller","Eliot A. Brinton","Terry A. Jacobson","Steven B. Ketchum","Ralph T. Doyle","Rebecca A. Juliano","Lixia Jiao","Craig B. Granowitz","Jean‐Claude Tardif","Christie Mitchell Ballantyne"],"author_count":12,"year":2018,"published":"2018-11-10","venue":"New England Journal of Medicine","cited_by":3316,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa1812792","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1812792","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1056/nejmoa1812792","updated":null,"pmid":"30415628","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2899669642","pdf_url":null,"abstract":null,"abstract_license":null,"license":null,"is_open_access":false,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Fatty Acid Research and Health"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Metadata and citation counts: OpenAlex (CC0)."},{"id":"doi:10.1056/nejmoa1501031","kind":"article","title":"Efficacy and Safety of Alirocumab in Reducing Lipids and Cardiovascular Events","authors":["Jennifer G. Robinson","Michel Farnier","Michel Krempf","Jean Bergeron","Gérald Luc","Maurizio Rocco Averna","Erik S.G. Stroes","Gisle Langslet","Frederick Johan Raal","Mahfouz El Shahawy","Michael J. Koren","Norman E. Lepor","Christelle Lorenzato","Robert C. Pordy","Umesh Chaudhari","John J.P. Kastelein"],"author_count":16,"year":2015,"published":"2015-03-15","venue":"New England Journal of Medicine","cited_by":2295,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa1501031","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1501031","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1056/nejmoa1501031","updated":null,"pmid":"25773378","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2001328643","pdf_url":"https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa1501031?articleTools=true","abstract":null,"abstract_license":null,"license":null,"is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Metadata and citation counts: OpenAlex (CC0)."},{"id":"doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac361","kind":"article","title":"Lipoprotein(a) in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and aortic stenosis: a European Atherosclerosis Society consensus statement","authors":["Florian Kronenberg","Samia Mora","Erik S.G. Stroes","Brian A. Ference","Benoît J. Arsenault","Lars Berglund","Marc Richard Dweck","Marlys L. Koschinsky","Gilles C. Lambert","François Mach","Catherine J. McNeal","Patrick M. Moriarty","Pradeep Natarajan","Børge Grønne Nordestgaard","Klaus Georg Parhofer","Salim S. Virani","Arnold von Eckardstein","Gerald Francis Watts","Jane K. Stock","Kausik Kumar Ray","Lale S Tokgözoğlu","Alberico Luigi Catapano"],"author_count":22,"year":2022,"published":"2022-08-18","venue":"European Heart Journal","cited_by":1448,"doi":"10.1093/eurheartj/ehac361","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac361","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac361","updated":null,"pmid":"36036785","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W4293462875","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac361/45472269/ehac361.pdf","abstract":null,"abstract_license":null,"license":"cc-by-nc","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Metadata and citation counts: OpenAlex (CC0)."},{"id":"doi:10.1001/jama.2016.13985","kind":"review","title":"Association Between Lowering LDL-C and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Among Different Therapeutic Interventions","authors":["Michael G. Silverman","Brian A. Ference","Kyungah Im","Stephen D. Wiviott","Robert Patrick Giugliano","Scott M. Grundy","Eugene Braunwald M. D","Marc Steven Sabatine"],"author_count":8,"year":2016,"published":"2016-09-27","venue":"JAMA","cited_by":1482,"doi":"10.1001/jama.2016.13985","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.13985","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1001/jama.2016.13985","updated":null,"pmid":"27673306","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2465758073","pdf_url":"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2556125/joi160108.pdf","abstract":null,"abstract_license":null,"license":null,"is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Metadata and citation counts: OpenAlex (CC0)."},{"id":"doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(22)00353-9","kind":"article","title":"Long-term efficacy and safety of inclisiran in patients with high cardiovascular risk and elevated LDL cholesterol (ORION-3): results from the 4-year open-label extension of the ORION-1 trial","authors":["Ray KK","Troquay RPT","Visseren FLJ","Leiter LA","Scott Wright R","Vikarunnessa S","Talloczy Z","Zang X","Maheux P","Lesogor A","Landmesser U"],"author_count":11,"year":2023,"published":"2023-01-05","venue":"The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology","cited_by":257,"doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(22)00353-9","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-8587(22)00353-9","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(22)00353-9","updated":null,"pmid":"36620965","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":null,"pdf_url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Whether long-term treatment with the twice-yearly, siRNA therapeutic inclisiran, which reduces hepatic production of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), results in sustained reductions in LDL cholesterol with an acceptable safety profile is not known. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of long-term dosing of inclisiran in patients with high cardiovascular risk and elevated LDL cholesterol. Methods ORION-3 was a 4-year open-label extension study of the placebo-controlled, phase 2 ORION-1 trial, conducted at 52 sites across five countries. Patients with prevalent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or high-risk primary prevention and elevated LDL cholesterol despite maximally tolerated statins or other LDL-lowering treatments, or with documented statin intolerance, who had completed the ORION-1 trial were eligible. Patients receiving inclisiran in ORION-1 received twice-yearly 300 mg subcutaneous inclisiran sodium throughout ORION-3 (inclisiran-only arm), whereas patients receiving placebo in ORION-1 first received subcutaneous evolocumab 140 mg every 2 weeks until day 360 thereafter transitioning to inclisiran twice-yearly for the remainder of ORION-3 study (switching arm). The primary efficacy endpoint was the percentage change in LDL cholesterol with inclisiran from the start of ORION-1 through to day 210 of the open label extension phase in the inclisiran-only arm (approximately 570 days of total inclisiran exposure in the modified intention-to-treat population). Secondary and exploratory endpoints included changes in LDL-C cholesterol and PCSK9 concentrations levels up to day 1440 (4 years) in each arm, and safety. ORION-3 is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03060577. Findings Of the original ORION-1 cohort of 497 patients, 290 of 370 patients allocated to drug continued into the inclisiran-only arm and 92 of 127 patients allocated to placebo entered the switching-arm in the ORION-3 extension study conducted between March 24, 2017, and Dec 17, 2021. In the inclisiran-only arm, LDL cholesterol was reduced by 47·5% (95% CI 50·7-44·3) at day 210 and sustained over 1440 days. The 4-year averaged mean reduction of LDL-C cholesterol was 44·2% (95% CI: 47·1-41·4), with reductions in PCSK9 ranging from 62·2% to 77·8%. Adverse events at the injection site were reported in 39 (14%) of 284 patients in the inclisiran-only arm and 12 (14%) of 87 patients in the switching arm. The incidence of treatment-emergent serious adverse events possibly related to the study drug was 1% (three of 284) in the inclisiran-only arm and 1% (one of 87) in the switching arm. Interpretation Twice-yearly inclisiran provided sustained reductions in LDL cholesterol and PCSK9 concentrations and was well tolerated over 4 years in the extension study. This is the first prospective long-term study to assess repeat hepatic exposure to inclisiran. Funding Novartis Pharma.","abstract_license":"CC-BY (article license as recorded by Europe PMC; abstract reproduced unmodified apart from markup removal)","license":"CC-BY","is_open_access":false,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":[],"details":null,"provenance":"europepmc","attribution":"Abstract of \"Long-term efficacy and safety of inclisiran in patients with high cardiovascular risk and elevated LDL cholesterol (ORION-3): results from the 4-year open-label extension of the ORION-1 trial\" by Ray KK, Troquay RPT, Visseren FLJ et al., https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-8587(22)00353-9, used under its Creative Commons Attribution license (CC-BY); markup removed, otherwise unmodified."},{"id":"doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr112","kind":"review","title":"Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease: evidence and guidance for management","authors":["M. John Chapman","Henry N. Ginsberg","Pierre Amarenco","Felicita Andreotti","Jan Borén","Alberico Luigi Catapano","Olivier S Descamps","Edward A A Fisher","Petri T. Kovanen","Jan Albert Kuivenhoven","Philippe Lesnik","L. Masana","Børge Grønne Nordestgaard","Kausik Kumar Ray","Željko Reiner","Marja‐Riitta Taskinen","Lale S Tokgözoğlu","Anne Tybjærg‐Hansen","Gerald Francis Watts","for the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel"],"author_count":20,"year":2011,"published":"2011-04-29","venue":"European Heart Journal","cited_by":1227,"doi":"10.1093/eurheartj/ehr112","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehr112","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr112","updated":null,"pmid":"21531743","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2124481954","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article-pdf/32/11/1345/17049295/ehr112.pdf","abstract":null,"abstract_license":null,"license":"other-oa","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Metadata and citation counts: OpenAlex (CC0)."},{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41392-023-01690-3","kind":"review","title":"Targeting proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9): from bench to bedside","authors":["Bao X","Liang Y","Chang H","Cai T","Feng B","Gordon K","Zhu Y","Shi H","He Y","Xie L"],"author_count":10,"year":2024,"published":"2024-01-08","venue":"Signal transduction and targeted therapy","cited_by":145,"doi":"10.1038/s41392-023-01690-3","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-023-01690-3","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1038/s41392-023-01690-3","updated":null,"pmid":"38185721","pmcid":"PMC10772138","openalex_id":null,"pdf_url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC10772138/pdf","abstract":"Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has evolved as a pivotal enzyme in lipid metabolism and a revolutionary therapeutic target for hypercholesterolemia and its related cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This comprehensive review delineates the intricate roles and wide-ranging implications of PCSK9, extending beyond CVD to emphasize its significance in diverse physiological and pathological states, including liver diseases, infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and notably, cancer. Our exploration offers insights into the interaction between PCSK9 and low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLRs), elucidating its substantial impact on cholesterol homeostasis and cardiovascular health. It also details the evolution of PCSK9-targeted therapies, translating foundational bench discoveries into bedside applications for optimized patient care. The advent and clinical approval of innovative PCSK9 inhibitory therapies (PCSK9-iTs), including three monoclonal antibodies (Evolocumab, Alirocumab, and Tafolecimab) and one small interfering RNA (siRNA, Inclisiran), have marked a significant breakthrough in cardiovascular medicine. These therapies have demonstrated unparalleled efficacy in mitigating hypercholesterolemia, reducing cardiovascular risks, and have showcased profound value in clinical applications, offering novel therapeutic avenues and a promising future in personalized medicine for cardiovascular disorders. Furthermore, emerging research, inclusive of our findings, unveils PCSK9's potential role as a pivotal indicator for cancer prognosis and its prospective application as a transformative target for cancer treatment. This review also highlights PCSK9's aberrant expression in various cancer forms, its association with cancer prognosis, and its crucial roles in carcinogenesis and cancer immunity. In conclusion, this synthesized review integrates existing knowledge and novel insights on PCSK9, providing a holistic perspective on its transformative impact in reshaping therapeutic paradigms across various disorders. It emphasizes the clinical value and effect of PCSK9-iT, underscoring its potential in advancing the landscape of biomedical research and its capabilities in heralding new eras in personalized medicine.","abstract_license":"CC-BY (article license as recorded by Europe PMC; abstract reproduced unmodified apart from markup removal)","license":"CC-BY","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":[],"details":null,"provenance":"europepmc","attribution":"Abstract of \"Targeting proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9): from bench to bedside\" by Bao X, Liang Y, Chang H et al., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-023-01690-3, used under its Creative Commons Attribution license (CC-BY); markup removed, otherwise unmodified."},{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2016.11.042","kind":"review","title":"A Test in Context: Lipoprotein(a)","authors":["Sotirios Tsimikas"],"author_count":1,"year":2017,"published":"2017-02-01","venue":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology","cited_by":1136,"doi":"10.1016/j.jacc.2016.11.042","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2016.11.042","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2016.11.042","updated":null,"pmid":"28183512","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2586892149","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735109716372540/pdf","abstract":null,"abstract_license":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Metadata and citation counts: OpenAlex (CC0)."},{"id":"doi:10.1056/nejmoa1905239","kind":"article","title":"Lipoprotein(a) Reduction in Persons with Cardiovascular Disease","authors":["Sotirios Tsimikas","Ewa Karwatowska‐Prokopczuk","Ioanna Gouni‐Berthold","Jean‐Claude Tardif","Seth J. Baum","Elizabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen","Michael David Shapiro","Erik S.G. Stroes","Patrick M. Moriarty","Børge Grønne Nordestgaard","Shuting Xia","Jonathan Guerriero","Nicholas J. Viney","Louis St L O'Dea","Joseph Lee Witztum"],"author_count":15,"year":2020,"published":"2020-01-01","venue":"New England Journal of Medicine","cited_by":1090,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa1905239","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1905239","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1056/nejmoa1905239","updated":null,"pmid":"31893580","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2997944188","pdf_url":"https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa1905239?articleTools=true","abstract":null,"abstract_license":null,"license":null,"is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Metadata and citation counts: OpenAlex (CC0)."},{"id":"doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab551","kind":"article","title":"Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants: metabolic insights, role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and emerging therapeutic strategies—a consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society","authors":["Henry N. Ginsberg","Chris J. Packard","M. John Chapman","Jan Borén","Carlos Alberto Aguilar-Salinas","Maurizio Rocco Averna","Brian A. Ference","Daniel Gaudet","Robert Alexander Hegele","Sander Kersten","Gary F. Lewis","Alice Hinda Lichtenstein","Philippe Moulin","Børge Grønne Nordestgaard","Alan Thomas Remaley","Bart Staels","Erik S.G. Stroes","Marja‐Riitta Taskinen","Lale S Tokgözoğlu","Anne Tybjærg‐Hansen","Jane K. Stock","Alberico Luigi Catapano"],"author_count":22,"year":2021,"published":"2021-07-30","venue":"European Heart Journal","cited_by":978,"doi":"10.1093/eurheartj/ehab551","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab551","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab551","updated":null,"pmid":"34472586","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W3197326839","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article-pdf/42/47/4791/41742255/ehab551.pdf","abstract":null,"abstract_license":null,"license":"other-oa","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Lipid metabolism and disorders"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Metadata and citation counts: OpenAlex (CC0)."},{"id":"doi:10.4158/ep171764.appgl","kind":"article","title":"American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology Guidelines for Management of Dyslipidemia and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease","authors":["Paul S. Jellinger","Yehuda Handelsman","Paul D. Rosenblit","Zachary T. Bloomgarden","Vivian Andrew Fonseca","Alan J. Garber","George Grunberger","Chris K. Guerin","David S.H. Bell","Jeffrey Ian Mechanick","Rachel Pessah‐Pollack","Kathleen Louise Wyne","Donald Angehr Smith","Eliot A. Brinton","Sergio Fazio","Michael H. Davidson","Michael A. Bush","Farhad Zangeneh"],"author_count":48,"year":2017,"published":"2017-04-01","venue":"Endocrine Practice","cited_by":1093,"doi":"10.4158/ep171764.appgl","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.4158/ep171764.appgl","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.4158/ep171764.appgl","updated":null,"pmid":"28437620","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2583862987","pdf_url":null,"abstract":null,"abstract_license":null,"license":null,"is_open_access":false,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Metadata and citation counts: OpenAlex (CC0)."},{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2021.03.016","kind":"article","title":"2021 Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidemia for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults","authors":["Glen J. Pearson","George Thanassoulis","Todd J. Anderson","Arden R. Barry","Patrick Couture","Natalie Dayan","Gordon A. Francis","Jacques J. Genest","Jean C. Grégoire","Steven A. Grover","Milan Gupta","Robert Alexander Hegele","David C.W. Lau","Lawrence A. Leiter","Alexander A. C. Leung","Eva Lonn","G.B. John Mancini","Priya Manjoo","Ruth McPherson","Daniel Ngui","Marie‐Ève Piché","Paul Poirier","John L. Sievenpiper","James A. Stone","Rick Ward"],"author_count":26,"year":2021,"published":"2021-03-27","venue":"Canadian Journal of Cardiology","cited_by":848,"doi":"10.1016/j.cjca.2021.03.016","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2021.03.016","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2021.03.016","updated":null,"pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W4206654024","pdf_url":"https://onlinecjc.ca/article/S0828-282X(21)00165-3/pdf","abstract":null,"abstract_license":null,"license":null,"is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Metadata and citation counts: OpenAlex (CC0)."},{"id":"doi:10.1111/bph.15972","kind":"review","title":"Small interfering RNA: Discovery, pharmacology and clinical development-An introductory review","authors":["Ranasinghe P","Addison ML","Dear JW","Webb DJ"],"author_count":4,"year":2023,"published":"2022-11-13","venue":"British journal of pharmacology","cited_by":108,"doi":"10.1111/bph.15972","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.15972","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1111/bph.15972","updated":null,"pmid":"36250252","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":null,"pdf_url":null,"abstract":"Post-transcriptional gene silencing targets and degrades mRNA transcripts, silencing the expression of specific genes. RNA interference technology, using synthetic structurally well-defined short double-stranded RNA (small interfering RNA [siRNA]), has advanced rapidly in recent years. This introductory review describes the utility of siRNA, by exploring the underpinning biology, pharmacology, recent advances and clinical developments, alongside potential limitations and ongoing challenges. Mediated by the RNA-induced silencing complex, siRNAs bind to specific complementary mRNAs, which are subsequently degraded. siRNA therapy offers advantages over other therapeutic approaches, including ability of specifically designed siRNAs to potentially target any mRNA and improved patient adherence through infrequent administration associated with a very long duration of action. Key pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic challenges include targeted administration, poor tissue penetration, nuclease inactivation, rapid renal elimination, immune activation and off-target effects. These have been overcome by chemical modification of siRNA and/or by utilising a range of delivery systems, increasing bioavailability and stability to allow successful clinical translation. Patisiran (hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis) was the first licensed siRNA, followed by givosiran (acute hepatic porphyria), lumasiran (primary hyperoxaluria type 1) and inclisiran (familial hypercholesterolaemia), which all use N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) linkage for effective liver-directed delivery. Others are currently under development for indications varying from rare genetic diseases to common chronic non-communicable diseases (hypertension, cancer). Technological advances are paving the way for broader clinical use. Ongoing challenges remain in targeting organs beyond the liver and reaching special sites (e.g., brain). By overcoming these barriers, siRNA therapy has the potential to substantially widen its therapeutic impact.","abstract_license":"CC-BY (article license as recorded by Europe PMC; abstract reproduced unmodified apart from markup removal)","license":"CC-BY","is_open_access":false,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":[],"details":null,"provenance":"europepmc","attribution":"Abstract of \"Small interfering RNA: Discovery, pharmacology and clinical development-An introductory review\" by Ranasinghe P, Addison ML, Dear JW et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.15972, used under its Creative Commons Attribution license (CC-BY); markup removed, otherwise unmodified."},{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijms22115880","kind":"review","title":"PCSK9 Biology and Its Role in Atherothrombosis","authors":["Barale C","Melchionda E","Morotti A","Russo I"],"author_count":4,"year":2021,"published":"2021-05-30","venue":"International journal of molecular sciences","cited_by":133,"doi":"10.3390/ijms22115880","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115880","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.3390/ijms22115880","updated":null,"pmid":"34070931","pmcid":"PMC8198903","openalex_id":null,"pdf_url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC8198903/pdf","abstract":"It is now about 20 years since the first case of a gain-of-function mutation involving the as-yet-unknown actor in cholesterol homeostasis, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), was described. It was soon clear that this protein would have been of huge scientific and clinical value as a therapeutic strategy for dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis-associated cardiovascular disease (CVD) management. Indeed, PCSK9 is a serine protease belonging to the proprotein convertase family, mainly produced by the liver, and essential for metabolism of LDL particles by inhibiting LDL receptor (LDLR) recirculation to the cell surface with the consequent upregulation of LDLR-dependent LDL-C levels. Beyond its effects on LDL metabolism, several studies revealed the existence of additional roles of PCSK9 in different stages of atherosclerosis, also for its ability to target other members of the LDLR family. PCSK9 from plasma and vascular cells can contribute to the development of atherosclerotic plaque and thrombosis by promoting platelet activation, leukocyte recruitment and clot formation, also through mechanisms not related to systemic lipid changes. These results further supported the value for the potential cardiovascular benefits of therapies based on PCSK9 inhibition. Actually, the passive immunization with anti-PCSK9 antibodies, evolocumab and alirocumab, is shown to be effective in dramatically reducing the LDL-C levels and attenuating CVD. While monoclonal antibodies sequester circulating PCSK9, inclisiran, a small interfering RNA, is a new drug that inhibits PCSK9 synthesis with the important advantage, compared with PCSK9 mAbs, to preserve its pharmacodynamic effects when administrated every 6 months. Here, we will focus on the major understandings related to PCSK9, from its discovery to its role in lipoprotein metabolism, involvement in atherothrombosis and a brief excursus on approved current therapies used to inhibit its action.","abstract_license":"CC-BY (article license as recorded by Europe PMC; abstract reproduced unmodified apart from markup removal)","license":"CC-BY","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":[],"details":null,"provenance":"europepmc","attribution":"Abstract of \"PCSK9 Biology and Its Role in Atherothrombosis\" by Barale C, Melchionda E, Morotti A et al., https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115880, used under its Creative Commons Attribution license (CC-BY); markup removed, otherwise unmodified."},{"id":"doi:10.1056/nejmoa1609581","kind":"article","title":"Evacetrapib and Cardiovascular Outcomes in High-Risk Vascular Disease","authors":["Abraham Michael Lincoff","Stephen James Nicholls","Jeffrey Riesmeyer","Philip J. Barter","H Bryan Brewer","Keith A.A. Fox","Charles Michael Gibson","Christopher Bull Granger","Venu Menon","Gilles Montalescot","Daniel James Rader","Alan R. Tall","Ellen Strauss McErlean","Kathy Wolski","Giacomo Ruotolo","Burkhard Vangerow","Govinda J. Weerakkody","Shaun G. Goodman","Diego Conde","Darren K. McGuire","José Carlos Nicolau","Jose Luis Leiva-Pons","Yves Pesant","Weimin Li","David Kandath"],"author_count":29,"year":2017,"published":"2017-05-17","venue":"New England Journal of Medicine","cited_by":801,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa1609581","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1609581","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1056/nejmoa1609581","updated":null,"pmid":"28514624","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2616536890","pdf_url":"https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa1609581?articleTools=true","abstract":null,"abstract_license":null,"license":null,"is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Metadata and citation counts: OpenAlex (CC0)."},{"id":"doi:10.1093/cvr/cvae109","kind":"article","title":"Inclisiran administration potently and durably lowers LDL-C over an extended-term follow-up: the ORION-8 trial","authors":["Wright RS","Raal FJ","Koenig W","Landmesser U","Leiter LA","Vikarunnessa S","Lesogor A","Maheux P","Talloczy Z","Zang X","Schwartz GG","Ray KK"],"author_count":12,"year":2024,"published":"2024-10-01","venue":"Cardiovascular research","cited_by":78,"doi":"10.1093/cvr/cvae109","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvae109","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1093/cvr/cvae109","updated":null,"pmid":"38753448","pmcid":"PMC11481169","openalex_id":null,"pdf_url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC11481169/pdf","abstract":"Aims Data describing the long-term efficacy and tolerability of inclisiran are limited. This was explored in ORION-8, an open-label extension of preceding Phase 2 and Phase 3 placebo-controlled and open-label extension trials. Methods and results Following completion of the parent trial, adult patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), ASCVD risk equivalent, or heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia received open-label inclisiran twice yearly (after initial and 3-month doses) until Day 990, followed by an end-of-study visit at Day 1080 or ≥ 90 days after the last dose. The study endpoints included the proportion of patients achieving pre-specified low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goals [ASCVD: < 1.8 mmol/L (< 70 mg/dL); ASCVD risk equivalent: < 2.6 mmol/L (< 100 mg/dL)], percentage and absolute changes in LDL-C at end-of-study, and safety of inclisiran. Of 3274 patients, 2446 (74.7%) were followed until end-of-study. Mean age was 64.9 ± 9.9 years, 82.7% (n = 2709) had ASCVD, and mean baseline LDL-C was 2.9 ± 1.2 mmol/L. Mean cumulative exposure to inclisiran (including parent trials) was 3.7 years; maximum exposure was 6.8 years. With inclisiran, 78.4% [95% confidence interval (CI): 76.8, 80.0] of patients achieved pre-specified LDL-C goals and mean percentage change in LDL-C was -49.4% (95% CI: -50.4, -48.3). No attenuation of LDL-C lowering over time was observed. Treatment-emergent adverse events at injection site (all mild/moderate) occurred in 5.9% of the patients. Inclisiran-associated anti-drug antibodies were infrequent (5.5%) and had no impact on the efficacy or safety of inclisiran. No new safety signals were identified. Conclusion In the largest and longest follow-up to date with >12 000 patient-years exposure, inclisiran demonstrated consistent and effective LDL-C lowering with a favourable long-term safety and tolerability profile. Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03814187.","abstract_license":"CC-BY (article license as recorded by Europe PMC; abstract reproduced unmodified apart from markup removal)","license":"CC-BY","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":[],"details":null,"provenance":"europepmc","attribution":"Abstract of \"Inclisiran administration potently and durably lowers LDL-C over an extended-term follow-up: the ORION-8 trial\" by Wright RS, Raal FJ, Koenig W et al., https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvae109, used under its Creative Commons Attribution license (CC-BY); markup removed, otherwise unmodified."},{"id":"doi:10.7150/ijbs.84994","kind":"review","title":"The potential role and mechanism of circRNA/miRNA axis in cholesterol synthesis","authors":["Chen W","Xu J","Wu Y","Liang B","Yan M","Sun C","Wang D","Hu X","Liu L","Hu W","Shao Y","Xing D"],"author_count":12,"year":2023,"published":"2023-05-29","venue":"International journal of biological sciences","cited_by":90,"doi":"10.7150/ijbs.84994","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.84994","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.7150/ijbs.84994","updated":null,"pmid":"37324939","pmcid":"PMC10266072","openalex_id":null,"pdf_url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC10266072/pdf","abstract":"Cholesterol levels are an initiating risk factor for atherosclerosis. Many genes play a central role in cholesterol synthesis, including HMGCR, SQLE, HMGCS1, FDFT1, LSS, MVK, PMK, MVD, FDPS, CYP51, TM7SF2, LBR, MSMO1, NSDHL, HSD17B7, DHCR24, EBP, SC5D, DHCR7, IDI1/2. Especially, HMGCR, SQLE, FDFT1, LSS, FDPS, CYP51, and EBP are promising therapeutic targets for drug development due to many drugs have been approved and entered into clinical research by targeting these genes. However, new targets and drugs still need to be discovered. Interestingly, many small nucleic acid drugs and vaccines were approved for the market, including Inclisiran, Patisiran, Inotersen, Givosiran, Lumasiran, Nusinersen, Volanesorsen, Eteplirsen, Golodirsen, Viltolarsen, Casimersen, Elasomeran, Tozinameran. However, these agents are all linear RNA agents. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) may have longer half-lives, higher stability, lower immunogenicity, lower production costs, and higher delivery efficiency than these agents due to their covalently closed structures. CircRNA agents are developed by several companies, including Orna Therapeutics, Laronde, and CirCode, Therorna. Many studies have shown that circRNAs regulate cholesterol synthesis by regulating HMGCR, SQLE, HMGCS1, ACS, YWHAG, PTEN, DHCR24, SREBP-2, and PMK expression. MiRNAs are essential for circRNA-mediated cholesterol biosynthesis. Notable, the phase II trial for inhibiting miR-122 with nucleic acid drugs has been completed. Suppressing HMGCR, SQLE, and miR-122 with circRNA_ABCA1, circ-PRKCH, circEZH2, circRNA-SCAP, and circFOXO3 are the promising therapeutic target for drug development, specifically the circFOXO3. This review focuses on the role and mechanism of the circRNA/miRNA axis in cholesterol synthesis in the hope of providing knowledge to identify new targets.","abstract_license":"CC-BY (article license as recorded by Europe PMC; abstract reproduced unmodified apart from markup removal)","license":"CC-BY","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":[],"details":null,"provenance":"europepmc","attribution":"Abstract of \"The potential role and mechanism of circRNA/miRNA axis in cholesterol synthesis\" by Chen W, Xu J, Wu Y et al., https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.84994, used under its Creative Commons Attribution license (CC-BY); markup removed, otherwise unmodified."},{"id":"doi:10.1056/nejmoa2210645","kind":"article","title":"Triglyceride Lowering with Pemafibrate to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk","authors":["Aruna D. Pradhan","Robert J. Glynn","Jean‐Charles Fruchart","Jean G. MacFadyen","Elaine Zaharris","Brendan M. Everett","Stuart E. Campbell","Ryu Oshima","Pierre Amarenco","Dirk Jacobus Blom","Eliot A. Brinton","Robert H. Eckel","Marshall B. Elam","João Soares Felício","Henry N. Ginsberg","Assen Goudev","Shun Ishibashi","Jacob Joseph","Tatsuhiko Kodama","Wolfgang Köenig","Lawrence A. Leiter","Alberto J. Lorenzatti","Boris Mankovsky","Nikolaus Marx","Børge Grønne Nordestgaard"],"author_count":36,"year":2022,"published":"2022-11-05","venue":"New England Journal of Medicine","cited_by":746,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa2210645","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2210645","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1056/nejmoa2210645","updated":null,"pmid":"36342113","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W4308367139","pdf_url":"https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa2210645?articleTools=true","abstract":null,"abstract_license":null,"license":null,"is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Metadata and citation counts: OpenAlex (CC0)."},{"id":"doi:10.1056/nejmoa1609243","kind":"article","title":"A Highly Durable RNAi Therapeutic Inhibitor of PCSK9","authors":["Kevin J. Fitzgerald","Suellen White","Anna Borodovsky","Brian R. Bettencourt","Andrew Louis Strahs","Valerie A. Clausen","Peter L. J. Wijngaard","Jay D. Horton","Jörg Täubel","Ashley Brooks","Chamikara Fernando","Robert S. Kauffman","David G. Kallend","Akshay K. Vaishnaw","Amy R. Simon"],"author_count":15,"year":2016,"published":"2016-11-13","venue":"New England Journal of Medicine","cited_by":768,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa1609243","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1609243","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1056/nejmoa1609243","updated":null,"pmid":"27959715","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2555483953","pdf_url":"https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa1609243?articleTools=true","abstract":null,"abstract_license":null,"license":null,"is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Metadata and citation counts: OpenAlex (CC0)."},{"id":"doi:10.1186/s43556-025-00321-3","kind":"review","title":"Cholesterol metabolism: molecular mechanisms, biological functions, diseases, and therapeutic targets","authors":["Cui D","Yu X","Guan Q","Shen Y","Liao J","Liu Y","Su Z"],"author_count":7,"year":2025,"published":"2025-10-09","venue":"Molecular biomedicine","cited_by":58,"doi":"10.1186/s43556-025-00321-3","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43556-025-00321-3","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1186/s43556-025-00321-3","updated":null,"pmid":"41062796","pmcid":"PMC12508344","openalex_id":null,"pdf_url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC12508344/pdf","abstract":"Cholesterol, an indispensable structural and signaling lipid, is fundamental to cellular membrane integrity, steroidogenesis, and developmental morphogen pathways. Its homeostasis hinges on the precise coordination of four interdependent metabolic modules: de novo biosynthesis, intestinal absorption, enzymatic conversion, and systemic clearance. This review delineates the molecular machinery governing these processes-from the Bloch/Kandutsch-Russell synthesis pathways and niemann-pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1)-mediated cholesterol uptake to cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1)-driven bile acid synthesis and HDL-dependent reverse transport. We further elucidate cholesterol's multifaceted roles in lipid raft assembly, Hedgehog signal transduction, and vitamin D/hormone production. Critically, dysregulation of cholesterol flux underpins pathogenesis in atherosclerosis, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), neurodegenerative disorders, and oncogenesis, with disrupted synthesis, efflux, or esterification cascades serving as key drivers. Emerging therapeutic strategies extend beyond conventional statins and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors to include transformative modalities: CRISPR-based in vivo gene editing (e.g., VERVE-101 targeting PCSK9), small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapeutics (inclisiran), and microbiota-directed interventions. Pioneering approaches against targets Such as angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3), lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], and asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGR1)-alongside repurposed natural agents (berberine, probiotics)-offer promise for mitigating residual cardiovascular risk and advancing precision cardiometabolic medicine. By integrating mechanistic insights with clinical advancements, this review underscores the transition from broad-spectrum therapies to personalized, multi-target regimens, offering a roadmap for mitigating cholesterol-related diseases in the era of genomic and metabolic medicine.","abstract_license":"CC-BY (article license as recorded by Europe PMC; abstract reproduced unmodified apart from markup removal)","license":"CC-BY","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":[],"details":null,"provenance":"europepmc","attribution":"Abstract of \"Cholesterol metabolism: molecular mechanisms, biological functions, diseases, and therapeutic targets\" by Cui D, Yu X, Guan Q et al., https://doi.org/10.1186/s43556-025-00321-3, used under its Creative Commons Attribution license (CC-BY); markup removed, otherwise unmodified."},{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2012.11.032","kind":"review","title":"2012 Update of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Dyslipidemia for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in the Adult","authors":["Todd J. Anderson","Jean C. Grégoire","Robert Alexander Hegele","Patrick Couture","G.B. John Mancini","Ruth McPherson","Gordon A. Francis","Paul Poirier","David C.W. Lau","Steven A. Grover","Jacques J. Genest","André C. Carpentier","Robert Dufour","Milan Gupta","Richard Ward","Lawrence A. Leiter","Eva Lonn","Dominic S. Ng","Glen J. Pearson","Gillian M. Yates","James A. Stone","Ehud Ur"],"author_count":22,"year":2013,"published":"2013-01-23","venue":"Canadian Journal of Cardiology","cited_by":767,"doi":"10.1016/j.cjca.2012.11.032","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2012.11.032","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2012.11.032","updated":null,"pmid":"23351925","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2059870401","pdf_url":null,"abstract":null,"abstract_license":null,"license":null,"is_open_access":false,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Metadata and citation counts: OpenAlex (CC0)."},{"id":"doi:10.1161/circulationaha.117.032235","kind":"article","title":"Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Lowering With Evolocumab and Outcomes in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease","authors":["Marc P. Bonaca","Patrice Nault","Robert Patrick Giugliano","ANTHONY C. KEECH","Armando Lira Pineda","Estella Kanevsky","Julia Kuder","Sabina A. Murphy","J. Wouter Jukema","Basil S. Lewis","Lâle Tokgözoğlu","Ransi M. Somaratne","Peter Sever","Terje Rolf Pedersen","Marc Steven Sabatine"],"author_count":15,"year":2017,"published":"2017-11-13","venue":"Circulation","cited_by":766,"doi":"10.1161/circulationaha.117.032235","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.117.032235","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1161/circulationaha.117.032235","updated":null,"pmid":"29133605","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2768588165","pdf_url":"https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/download/1887/87089/1?col=81522199330002711","abstract":null,"abstract_license":null,"license":null,"is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Metadata and citation counts: OpenAlex (CC0)."}],"next":"https://space-kitty.com/api/v1/topics/cardiovascular-innovation/papers?sort=top&limit=25&offset=25"}