{"topic":"early-universe-jwst","sort":"top","limit":25,"offset":0,"count":25,"papers":[{"id":"arxiv:2208.01612","kind":"article","title":"A Comprehensive Study of Galaxies at z ∼ 9–16 Found in the Early JWST Data: Ultraviolet Luminosity Functions and Cosmic Star Formation History at the Pre-reionization Epoch","authors":["Yuichi Harikane","Masami Ouchi","Masamune Oguri","Yoshiaki Ono","Kimihiko Nakajima","Yuki Isobe","Hiroya Umeda","Ken Mawatari","Yechi Zhang"],"author_count":9,"year":2023,"published":"2023-02-15","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series","cited_by":543,"doi":"10.3847/1538-4365/acaaa9","arxiv_id":"2208.01612","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/acaaa9","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:2208.01612","updated":"2022-12-09","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W4321079579","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2208.01612","abstract":"We conduct a comprehensive study on dropout galaxy candidates at $z\\sim9-16$ using the first 90 arcmin$^2$ JWST/NIRCam images taken by the early release observations (ERO) and early release science (ERS) programs. With the JWST simulation images, we find that a number of foreground interlopers are selected with a weak photo-$z$ determination ($Δχ^2>4$). We thus carefully apply a secure photo-$z$ selection criterion ($Δχ^2>9$) and conventional color criteria with confirmations of the ERO NIRSpec spectroscopic redshifts, and obtain a total of 23 dropout galaxies at $z\\sim9-16$, including two candidates at $z_\\mathrm{phot}=16.25_{-0.46}^{+0.24}$ and $16.41_{-0.55}^{+0.66}$. We perform thorough comparisons of dropout galaxies found in our work with recent JWST studies, and conclude that our galaxy sample is reliable enough for statistical analyses. We derive the UV luminosity functions at $z\\sim9-16$, and confirm that our UV luminosity functions at $z\\sim 9$ and $12$ agree with those determined by other HST and JWST studies. The cosmic star-formation rate density decreases from $z\\sim9$ to $12$, and perhaps to $16$, but the densities at $z\\sim12-16$ are higher than the constant star formation efficiency model. Interestingly, there are six bright galaxy candidates at $z\\sim10-16$ with $M_\\mathrm{UV}<-19.5$ mag and $M_*\\sim10^{8-9} M_\\odot$. Because a majority ($\\sim80$\\%) of these galaxies show no signatures of AGNs in their morphologies, the high cosmic star-formation rate densities and the existence of these UV-luminous galaxies are explained by no suppression of star-formation by the UV background radiation at the pre-reionization epoch and/or an efficient UV radiation production by a top-heavy IMF with Population III-like star formation.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":"cc-by","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex+arxiv","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"arxiv:2211.05792","kind":"article","title":"CEERS Key Paper. I. An Early Look into the First 500 Myr of Galaxy Formation with JWST","authors":["Steven L. Finkelstein","Micaela B. Bagley","Henry C. Ferguson","Stephen M. Wilkins","Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe","Casey Papovich","L. Y. Aaron Yung","Pablo Arrabal Haro","Peter Behroozi","Mark Dickinson","Dale D. Kocevski","Anton M. Koekemoer","Rebecca L. Larson","Aurélien Le Bail","Alexa M. Morales","Pablo G. Pérez‐González","D. Burgarella","Romeel Davé","Michaela Hirschmann","Rachel S. Somerville","Stijn Wuyts","Volker Bromm","Caitlin M. Casey","A. Fontana","Seiji Fujimoto"],"author_count":66,"year":2023,"published":"2023-03-01","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal Letters","cited_by":538,"doi":"10.3847/2041-8213/acade4","arxiv_id":"2211.05792","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acade4","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:2211.05792","updated":"2023-11-04","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W4361000553","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/acade4/pdf","abstract":"We present an investigation into the first 500 Myr of galaxy evolution from the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science (CEERS) survey. CEERS, one of 13 JWST ERS programs, targets galaxy formation from z~0.5 to z>10 using several imaging and spectroscopic modes. We make use of the first epoch of CEERS NIRCam imaging, spanning 35.5 sq. arcmin, to search for candidate galaxies at z>9. Following a detailed data reduction process implementing several custom steps to produce high-quality reduced images, we perform multi-band photometry across seven NIRCam broad and medium-band (and six Hubble broadband) filters focusing on robust colors and accurate total fluxes. We measure photometric redshifts and devise a robust set of selection criteria to identify a sample of 26 galaxy candidates at z~9-16. These objects are compact with a median half-light radius of ~0.5 kpc. We present an early estimate of the z~11 rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) luminosity function, finding that the number density of galaxies at M_UV ~ -20 appears to evolve very little from z~9 to z~11. We also find that the abundance (surface density [arcmin^-2]) of our candidates exceeds nearly all theoretical predictions. We explore potential implications, including that at z>10 star formation may be dominated by top-heavy initial mass functions, which would result in an increased ratio of UV light per unit halo mass, though a complete lack of dust attenuation and/or changing star-formation physics may also play a role. While spectroscopic confirmation of these sources is urgently required, our results suggest that the deeper views to come with JWST should yield prolific samples of ultra-high-redshift galaxies with which to further explore these conclusions.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":"cc-by","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex+arxiv","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"arxiv:2207.09434","kind":"article","title":"Two Remarkably Luminous Galaxy Candidates at z ≈ 10–12 Revealed by JWST","authors":["Rohan P. Naidu","Pascal A. Oesch","Pieter van Dokkum","Erica June Nelson","Katherine A. Suess","Gabriel Brammer","Katherine E. Whitaker","Garth D. Illingworth","R. J. Bouwens","Sandro Tacchella","Jorryt Matthee","Natalie Allen","Rachel Bezanson","Charlie Conroy","Ivo Labbé","Joel Leja","E. Leonova","Daniel K. Magee","Sedona H. Price","David J. Setton","Victoria B. Strait","Mauro Stefanon","Sune Toft","John R. Weaver","Andrea Weibel"],"author_count":25,"year":2022,"published":"2022-11-01","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal Letters","cited_by":438,"doi":"10.3847/2041-8213/ac9b22","arxiv_id":"2207.09434","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac9b22","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:2207.09434","updated":"2022-10-25","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W4309646865","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/ac9b22/pdf","abstract":"The first few hundred Myrs at $z>10$ mark the last major uncharted epoch in the history of the Universe, where only a single galaxy (GNz11 at $z\\approx11$) is currently spectroscopically confirmed. Here we present a search for luminous $z>10$ galaxies with $JWST$/NIRCam photometry spanning $\\approx1-5μ$m and covering 49 arcmin$^{2}$ from the public Early Release Science programs (CEERS and GLASS). Our most secure candidates are two $M_{\\rm{UV}}\\approx-21$ systems: GLASS-z12 and GLASS-z10. These galaxies display abrupt $\\gtrsim1.8$ mag breaks in their spectral energy distributions, consistent with complete absorption of flux bluewards of Lyman-$α$ that is redshifted to $z=12.4^{+0.1}_{-0.3}$ and $z=10.4^{+0.4}_{-0.5}$. Lower redshift interlopers such as quiescent galaxies with strong Balmer breaks would be comfortably detected at $>5σ$ in multiple bands where instead we find no flux. From SED modeling we infer that these galaxies have already built up $\\sim 10^9$ solar masses in stars over the $\\lesssim300-400$ Myrs after the Big Bang. The brightness of these sources enable morphological constraints. Tantalizingly, GLASS-z10 shows a clearly extended exponential light profile, potentially consistent with a disk galaxy of $r_{\\rm{50}}\\approx0.7$ kpc. These sources, if confirmed, join GNz11 in defying number density forecasts for luminous galaxies based on Schechter UV luminosity functions, which require a survey area $>10\\times$ larger than we have studied here to find such luminous sources at such high redshifts. They extend evidence from lower redshifts for little or no evolution in the bright end of the UV luminosity function into the cosmic dawn epoch, with implications for just how early these galaxies began forming. This, in turn, suggests that future deep $JWST$ observations may identify relatively bright galaxies to much earlier epochs than might have been anticipated.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":"cc-by","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex+arxiv","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"arxiv:2207.12356","kind":"article","title":"The evolution of the galaxy UV luminosity function at redshifts z ≃ 8 – 15 from deep JWST and ground-based near-infrared imaging","authors":["Callum T. Donnan","Derek J. McLeod","J. S. Dunlop","R. J. McLure","Adam C. Carnall","R Begley","Fergus Cullen","M. L. Hamadouche","R. A. A. Bowler","Daniel K. Magee","Henry Joy McCracken","Bo Milvang‐Jensen","Andrea Moneti","T. A. Targett"],"author_count":14,"year":2022,"published":"2022-11-21","venue":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","cited_by":435,"doi":"10.1093/mnras/stac3472","arxiv_id":"2207.12356","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3472","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:2207.12356","updated":"2022-11-24","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W4310854260","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-pdf/518/4/6011/47887826/stac3472.pdf","abstract":"We reduce and analyse the available James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) ERO and ERS NIRCam imaging (SMACS0723, GLASS, CEERS) in combination with the latest deep ground-based near-infrared imaging in the COSMOS field (provided by UltraVISTA DR5) to produce a new measurement of the evolving galaxy UV luminosity function (LF) over the redshift range $z = 8 - 15$. This yields a new estimate of the evolution of UV luminosity density ($ρ_{\\rm UV}$), and hence cosmic star-formation rate density ($ρ_{\\rm SFR}$) out to within $< 300$\\, Myr of the Big Bang. Our results confirm that the high-redshift LF is best described by a double power-law (rather than a Schechter) function up to $z\\sim10$, and that the LF and the resulting derived $ρ_{\\rm UV}$ (and thus $ρ_{\\rm SFR}$), continues to decline gradually and steadily up to $z\\sim15$ (as anticipated from previous studies which analysed the pre-existing data in a consistent manner to this study). We provide details of the 61 high-redshift galaxy candidates, 47 of which are new, that have enabled this new analysis. Our sample contains 6 galaxies at $z \\ge 12$, one of which appears to set a new redshift record as an apparently robust galaxy candidate at $z \\simeq 16.4$, the properties of which we therefore consider in detail. The advances presented here emphasize the importance of achieving high dynamic range in studies of early galaxy evolution, and re-affirm the enormous potential of forthcoming larger JWST programmes to transform our understanding of the young Universe.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":"cc-by","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex+arxiv","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ace619","kind":"article","title":"A CEERS Discovery of an Accreting Supermassive Black Hole 570 Myr after the Big Bang: Identifying a Progenitor of Massive z > 6 Quasars","authors":["Rebecca L. Larson","Steven L. Finkelstein","Dale D. Kocevski","Taylor A. Hutchison","Jonathan R. Trump","Pablo Arrabal Haro","Volker Bromm","Nikko J. Cleri","Mark Dickinson","Seiji Fujimoto","Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe","Anton M. Koekemoer","Casey Papovich","Nor Pirzkal","Sandro Tacchella","Jorge A. Zavala","Micaela B. Bagley","Peter Behroozi","Jaclyn B. Champagne","Justin W. Cole","Intae Jung","Alexa M. Morales","Guang Yang","Haowen Zhang","Adi Zitrin"],"author_count":52,"year":2023,"published":"2023-08-01","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal Letters","cited_by":365,"doi":"10.3847/2041-8213/ace619","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ace619","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ace619","updated":null,"pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W4386054147","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/ace619/pdf","abstract":"Abstract We report the discovery of an accreting supermassive black hole at z = 8.679. This galaxy, denoted here as CEERS_1019, was previously discovered as a Ly α -break galaxy by Hubble with a Ly α redshift from Keck. As part of the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science (CEERS) survey, we have observed this source with JWST/NIRSpec, MIRI, NIRCam, and NIRCam/WFSS and uncovered a plethora of emission lines. The H β line is best fit by a narrow plus a broad component, where the latter is measured at 2.5 σ with an FWHM ∼1200 km s −1 . We conclude this originates in the broadline region of an active galactic nucleus (AGN). This is supported by the presence of weak high-ionization lines (N V, N IV], and C III]), as well as a spatial point-source component. The implied mass of the black hole (BH) is log ( M BH / M ⊙ ) = 6.95 ± 0.37, and we estimate that it is accreting at 1.2 ± 0.5 times the Eddington limit. The 1–8 μ m photometric spectral energy distribution shows a continuum dominated by starlight and constrains the host galaxy to be massive (log M/M ⊙ ∼9.5) and highly star-forming (star formation rate, or SFR ∼ 30 M ⊙ yr −1 ; log sSFR ∼ − 7.9 yr −1 ). The line ratios show that the gas is metal-poor ( Z / Z ⊙ ∼ 0.1), dense ( n e ∼ 10 3 cm −3 ), and highly ionized (log U ∼ − 2.1). We use this present highest-redshift AGN discovery to place constraints on BH seeding models and find that a combination of either super-Eddington accretion from stellar seeds or Eddington accretion from very massive BH seeds is required to form this object.","abstract_license":"CC-BY (publisher license, via OpenAlex)","license":"cc-by","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Abstract of \"A CEERS Discovery of an Accreting Supermassive Black Hole 570 Myr after the Big Bang: Identifying a Progenitor of Massive z > 6 Quasars\" by Rebecca L. Larson, Steven L. Finkelstein, Dale D. Kocevski et al., https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ace619, used under its Creative Commons Attribution license (CC-BY); markup removed, otherwise unmodified."},{"id":"arxiv:2208.01611","kind":"article","title":"Stress testing ΛCDM with high-redshift galaxy candidates","authors":["Michael Boylan-Kolchin"],"author_count":1,"year":2023,"published":"2023-04-13","venue":"Nature Astronomy","cited_by":329,"doi":"10.1038/s41550-023-01937-7","arxiv_id":"2208.01611","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-023-01937-7","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:2208.01611","updated":"2023-02-20","pmid":"37351007","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W4365450183","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-023-01937-7.pdf","abstract":"Early data from JWST have revealed a bevy of high-redshift galaxy candidates with unexpectedly high stellar masses. An immediate concern is the consistency of these candidates with galaxy formation in the standard cosmological model. In the $Λ$CDM paradigm, the stellar mass ($M_\\star$) of a galaxy is limited by the available baryonic reservoir of its host dark matter halo. The mass function of dark matter halos therefore imposes an absolute upper limit on the number density $n(>M_\\star,z)$ and stellar mass density $ρ_{\\star}(>M_\\star,z)$ of galaxies more massive than $M_\\star$ at any epoch $z$. Here I show that the most massive galaxy candidates in JWST observations at $z\\sim 7-10$ lie at the very edge of these limits, indicating an important unresolved issue with the properties of galaxies derived from the observations, how galaxies form at early times in $Λ$CDM, or within this standard cosmology itself.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":"cc-by","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex+arxiv","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"arxiv:2207.09436","kind":"article","title":"Early Results from GLASS-JWST. III. Galaxy Candidates at z ∼9–15*","authors":["M. Castellano","A. Fontana","Tommaso Treu","Paola Santini","E. Merlin","Nicha Leethochawalit","Michele Trenti","E. Vanzella","U. Meštrić","Andrea Bonchi","Davide Belfiori","M. Nonino","D. Paris","Gianluca Polenta","Guido W. Roberts-Borsani","Kristan Boyett","Maruša Bradač","Antonello Calabrò","Karl Glazebrook","C. Grillo","Sara Mascia","Charlotte A. Mason","Amata Mercurio","Takahiro Morishita","Themiya Nanayakkara"],"author_count":30,"year":2022,"published":"2022-10-01","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal Letters","cited_by":340,"doi":"10.3847/2041-8213/ac94d0","arxiv_id":"2207.09436","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac94d0","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:2207.09436","updated":"2022-09-26","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W4306746511","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/ac94d0/pdf","abstract":"We present the results of a first search for galaxy candidates at z$\\sim$9--15 on deep seven-bands NIRCam imaging acquired as part of the GLASS-JWST Early Release Science Program on a flanking field of the Frontier Fields cluster A2744. Candidates are selected via two different renditions of the Lyman-break technique, isolating objects at z$\\sim$9-11, and z$\\sim$9-15, respectively, supplemented by photometric redshifts obtained with two independent codes. We find five color-selected candidates at z$>$9, plus one additional candidate with photometric redshift z$_{phot}\\geq$9. In particular, we identify two bright candidates at $M_{UV}\\simeq -21$ that are unambiguously placed at $z\\simeq 10.6$ and $z\\simeq 12.2$, respectively. The total number of galaxies discovered at $z>9$ is in line with the predictions of a non-evolving LF. The two bright ones at $z>10$ are unexpected given the survey volume, although cosmic variance and small number statistics limits general conclusions. This first search demonstrates the unique power of JWST to discover galaxies at the high redshift frontier. The candidates are ideal targets for spectroscopic follow-up in Cycle$-2$.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":"cc-by","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex+arxiv","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"arxiv:2302.06647","kind":"article","title":"GA-NIFS: A massive black hole in a low-metallicity AGN at z ∼ 5.55 revealed by JWST/NIRSpec IFS","authors":["Hannah Übler","R. Maiolino","Emma Curtis-Lake","Pablo G. Pérez‐González","Mirko Curti","Michele Perna","Santiago Arribas","S. Charlot","Madeline A. Marshall","Francesco D’Eugenio","Jan Scholtz","Andrew J. Bunker","Stefano Carniani","Pierre Ferruit","P. Jakobsen","Hans‐Walter Rix","Bruno Rodríguez Del Pino","Chris J. Willott","Torsten Boeker","G. Cresci","Gareth C. Jones","Nimisha Kumari","Tim Rawle"],"author_count":23,"year":2023,"published":"2023-07-17","venue":"Astronomy and Astrophysics","cited_by":303,"doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202346137","arxiv_id":"2302.06647","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202346137","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:2302.06647","updated":"2023-06-21","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W4384525021","pdf_url":"https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/pdf/forth/aa46137-23.pdf","abstract":"We present JWST/NIRSpec Integral Field Spectrograph rest-frame optical data of the compact $z=5.55$ galaxy GS_3073. Its prominent broad components in several hydrogen and helium lines (while absent in the forbidden lines), and the detection of a large equivalent width of He II$\\lambda4686$, EW(He II) ~ 20A, unambiguously identify it as an active galactic nucleus (AGN). We measure a gas-phase metallicity of $Z_{\\rm gas}/Z_\\odot\\sim0.21^{+0.08}_{-0.04}$, lower than what has been inferred for both more luminous AGN at similar redshift and lower redshift AGN. We empirically show that classical emission line ratio diagnostic diagrams cannot be used to distinguish between the primary ionisation source (AGN or star formation) for such low-metallicity systems, whereas different diagnostic diagrams involving He II$\\lambda4686$ prove very useful, independent of metallicity. We measure the central black hole mass to be $\\log(M_{\\rm BH}/M_\\odot)\\sim8.2\\pm0.4$ based on the luminosity and width of the broad line region of the H$α$ emission. While this places GS_3073 at the lower end of known high-redshift black hole masses, it still appears to be over-massive compared to its host galaxy properties. We detect an outflow with projected velocity $\\gtrsim700$ km/s and infer an ionised gas mass outflow rate of about $100\\ M_\\odot/$yr, suggesting that GS_3073 is able to enrich the intergalactic medium with metals one billion years after the Big Bang.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":"cc-by","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex+arxiv","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"arxiv:2303.04827","kind":"article","title":"Efficient formation of massive galaxies at cosmic dawn by feedback-free starbursts","authors":["Avishai Dekel","Kartick Chandra Sarkar","Yuval Birnboim","Nir Mandelker","Zhaozhou Li"],"author_count":5,"year":2023,"published":"2023-05-24","venue":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","cited_by":290,"doi":"10.1093/mnras/stad1557","arxiv_id":"2303.04827","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1557","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:2303.04827","updated":"2023-05-22","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W4378388215","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2303.04827","abstract":"JWST observations indicate a surprising excess of luminous galaxies at $z\\sim 10$ and above, consistent with efficient conversion of the accreted gas into stars, unlike the suppression of star formation by feedback at later times. We show that the high densities and low metallicities at this epoch {\\it guarantee} a high star-formation efficiency (SFE) in the most massive dark-matter haloes. Feedback-free starbursts (FFBs) occur when the free-fall time is shorter than $\\sim 1$ Myr, below the time for low-metallicity massive stars to develop winds and supernovae. This corresponds to a characteristic density of $\\sim 3\\times 10^3$cm$^{-3}$. A comparable threshold density permits a starburst by allowing cooling to star-forming temperatures in a free-fall time. The galaxies within $\\sim 10^{11} M_\\odot$ haloes at $z \\sim 10$ are expected to have FFB densities. The halo masses allow efficient gas supply by cold streams in a halo crossing time $\\sim 80$ Myr. The FFBs gradually turn all the accreted gas into stars in clusters of $\\sim 10^{4-7} M_\\odot$ within galaxies that are rotating discs or shells. The starbursting clouds are insensitive to radiative feedback and are shielded against feedback from earlier stars. We predict high SFE above thresholds in redshift and halo mass, where the density is $10^{3-4}$cm$^{-3}$. The $z\\sim 10$ haloes of $\\sim 10^{10.8} M_\\odot$ are predicted to host galaxies of $\\sim 10^{10} M_\\odot$ with SFR $\\sim 65 M_\\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ and sub-kpc sizes. The metallicity is $\\leq 0.1 Z_\\odot$ with little gas, dust, outflows and hot circumgalactic gas, allowing a top-heavy IMF but not requiring it. The compact galaxies with thousands of young FFB clusters may have implications on reionization, black-hole growth and globular clusters.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":"cc-by","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex+arxiv","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"arxiv:2207.12375","kind":"article","title":"The chemical enrichment in the early Universe as probed by JWST via direct metallicity measurements at z ∼ 8","authors":["Mirko Curti","Francesco D’Eugenio","Stefano Carniani","R. Maiolino","Lester Sandles","Joris Witstok","William M Baker","Jake S. Bennett","Joanna M. Piotrowska","Sandro Tacchella","S. Charlot","Kimihiko Nakajima","Gabriel Maheson","Filippo Mannucci","Amirnezam Amiri","Santiago Arribas","Francesco Belfiore","Nina Bonaventura","Andrew J. Bunker","Jacopo Chevallard","G. Cresci","Emma Curtis-Lake","Connor Hayden-Pawson","Gareth C. Jones","Nimisha Kumari"],"author_count":33,"year":2022,"published":"2022-09-26","venue":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","cited_by":284,"doi":"10.1093/mnras/stac2737","arxiv_id":"2207.12375","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac2737","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:2207.12375","updated":"2022-09-26","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W4297386521","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2207.12375","abstract":"We analyse the chemical properties of three z~8 galaxies behind the galaxy cluster SMACS J0723.3-7327, observed as part of the Early Release Observations programme of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Exploiting [O III]4363 auroral line detections in NIRSpec spectra, we robustly apply the direct Te method for the very first time at such high redshift, measuring metallicities ranging from extremely metal poor (12+log(O/H)~7) to about one-third solar. We also discuss the excitation properties of these sources, and compare them with local strong-line metallicity calibrations. We find that none of the considered diagnostics match simultaneously the observed relations between metallicity and strong-line ratios for the three sources, implying that a proper re-assessment of the calibrations may be needed at these redshifts. On the mass-metallicity plane, the two galaxies at z~7.6 (log(M*/M_sun) = 8.1, 8.7) have metallicities that are consistent with the extrapolation of the mass-metallicity relation at z~2-3, while the least massive galaxy at z~8.5 (log(M*/M_sun) = 7.8) shows instead a significantly lower metallicity . The three galaxies show different level of offset relative to the Fundamental Metallicity Relation, with two of them (at z~7.6) being marginally consistent, while the z~8.5 source deviating significantly, being probably far from the smooth equilibrium between gas flows, star formation and metal enrichment in place at later epochs.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":"cc-by","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex+arxiv","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"doi:10.3847/1538-4357/adbc7d","kind":"article","title":"The Rise of Faint, Red Active Galactic Nuclei at z > 4: A Sample of Little Red Dots in the JWST Extragalactic Legacy Fields","authors":["Dale D. Kocevski","Steven L. Finkelstein","Guillermo Barro","Anthony J. Taylor","Antonello Calabrò","Brivael Laloux","Johannes Büchner","Jonathan R. Trump","Gene C. K. Leung","Guang Yang","Mark Dickinson","Pablo G. Pérez‐González","Fabio Pacucci","Kohei Inayoshi","Rachel S. Somerville","Elizabeth J. McGrath","Hollis B. Akins","Micaela B. Bagley","R. A. A. Bowler","Laura Bisigello","Adam C. Carnall","Caitlin M. Casey","Y. Cheng","Nikko J. Cleri","Luca Costantin"],"author_count":56,"year":2025,"published":"2025-06-11","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal","cited_by":200,"doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/adbc7d","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adbc7d","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.3847/1538-4357/adbc7d","updated":null,"pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W4411240372","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/adbc7d/pdf","abstract":"Abstract We present a sample of 341 “little red dots” (LRDs) spanning the redshift range z ∼ 2–11 using data from the CEERS, PRIMER, JADES, UNCOVER, and NGDEEP surveys. Unlike past use of color indices to identify LRDs, we employ continuum slope fitting using shifting bandpasses to sample the same rest-frame emission blueward and redward of the Balmer break. This enables the detection of LRDs over a wider redshift range and with less contamination from galaxies with strong breaks that otherwise lack a rising red continuum. The redshift distribution of our sample increases at z < 8 and then undergoes a rapid decline at z ∼ 4.5, which may tie the emergence of these sources to the inside-out growth that galaxies experience during this epoch. We find that LRDs are ∼1 dex more numerous than X-ray- and UV-selected active galactic nuclei (AGN) at z ∼ 5–7. Within our sample, we have identified the first two X-ray-detected LRDs. An X-ray spectral analysis confirms that these AGN are moderately obscured with log ( N H / cm 2 ) of 23 . 3 − 1.3 + 0.4 and 22.7 2 − 0.16 + 0.13 . Our analysis reveals that reddened AGN emission dominates their rest-optical light, while the rest-UV originates from their host galaxies. We also present NIRSpec observations from the RUBIES survey of 17 LRDs that show broad emission lines consistent with AGN activity. The confirmed AGN fraction of our sample is 71% for sources with F444W < 26.5. In addition, we find three LRDs with blueshifted Balmer absorption features in their spectra, suggesting an outflow of high-density, low-ionization gas from near the central engine of these faint, red AGN.","abstract_license":"CC-BY (publisher license, via OpenAlex)","license":"cc-by","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Abstract of \"The Rise of Faint, Red Active Galactic Nuclei at z > 4: A Sample of Little Red Dots in the JWST Extragalactic Legacy Fields\" by Dale D. Kocevski, Steven L. Finkelstein, Guillermo Barro et al., https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adbc7d, used under its Creative Commons Attribution license (CC-BY); markup removed, otherwise unmodified."},{"id":"arxiv:2207.11217","kind":"article","title":"Discovery and properties of ultra-high redshift galaxies (9 < z < 12) in the JWST ERO SMACS 0723 Field","authors":["Nathan Adams","Christopher J. Conselice","Leonardo Ferreira","Duncan Austin","James Trussler","Ignas Juodžbalis","Stephen M. Wilkins","Joseph Caruana","Pratika Dayal","Aprajita Verma","Aswin P. Vijayan"],"author_count":11,"year":2022,"published":"2022-11-18","venue":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","cited_by":273,"doi":"10.1093/mnras/stac3347","arxiv_id":"2207.11217","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3347","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:2207.11217","updated":"2023-01-03","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W4309717381","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-pdf/518/3/4755/47749914/stac3347.pdf","abstract":"We present a reduction and analysis of the \\textit{James Webb Space Telescope} (JWST) SMACS~0723 field using new post-launch calibrations to conduct a search for ultra-high-redshift galaxies ($z > 9$) present within the Epoch of Reionisation. We conduct this search by modelling photometric redshifts in several ways for all sources and by applying conservative magnitude cuts ($m_{\\rm F200W} < 28$) to identify strong Lyman breaks greater than 1 magnitude. We find four $z > 9$ candidate galaxies which have not previously been identified, with one object at $z = 11.5$, and another which is possibly a close pair of galaxies. We measure redshifts for candidate galaxies from other studies and find the recovery rate to be only 23 per cent, with many being assigned lower redshift, dusty solutions in our work. Most of our $z > 9$ sample show evidence for Balmer-breaks, or extreme emission lines from H$β$ and [OIII], demonstrating that the stellar populations could be advanced in age or very young depending on the cause of the F444W excess. We discuss the resolved structures of these early galaxies and find that the Sérsic indices reveal a mixture of light concentration levels, but that the sizes of all our systems are exceptionally small ($< 0.5$~kpc). These systems have stellar masses M$_{*} \\sim 10^{9.0}$ M$_{\\odot}$, with our $z \\sim 11.5$ candidate a dwarf galaxy with a stellar mass M$_{*} \\sim 10^{7.8}$ -- $10^{8.2}$ M$_{\\odot}$. These candidate ultra high-redshift galaxies are excellent targets for future NIRSpec observations aimed to better understand their physical nature.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":"cc-by","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex+arxiv","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202346698","kind":"article","title":"JADES: Insights into the low-mass end of the mass–metallicity–SFR relation at 3 < z < 10 from deep JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy","authors":["Mirko Curti","R. Maiolino","Emma Curtis-Lake","Jacopo Chevallard","Stefano Carniani","Francesco D’Eugenio","Tobias J. Looser","Jan Scholtz","S. Charlot","Alex J. Cameron","Hannah Übler","Joris Witstok","Kristian Boyett","Isaac Laseter","Lester Sandles","Santiago Arribas","Andrew J. Bunker","Giovanna Giardino","Michael V. Maseda","Tim Rawle","Bruno Rodríguez Del Pino","Renske Smit","Chris J. Willott","Daniel J. Eisenstein","Ryan Hausen"],"author_count":40,"year":2024,"published":"2024-02-02","venue":"Astronomy and Astrophysics","cited_by":224,"doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202346698","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202346698","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202346698","updated":null,"pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W4391503645","pdf_url":"https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/pdf/forth/aa46698-23.pdf","abstract":"We analysed the gas-phase metallicity properties of a sample of low-stellar-mass (log M ⋆ / M ⊙ ≲ 9) galaxies at 3 < z < 10 observed with JWST/NIRSpec as part of the JADES programme in its deep GOODS-S tier. By combining this sample with more massive galaxies at similar redshifts from other programmes, we study the scaling relations between stellar mass ( M ⋆ ), oxygen abundance (O/H), and star-formation rate (SFR) for 146 galaxies spanning three orders of magnitude in stellar mass and out to the epoch of early galaxy assembly. We find evidence for a shallower slope at the low-mass end of the mass–metallicity relation (MZR), with 12+log(O/H) = (7.72 ± 0.02) + (0.17 ± 0.03) log( M ⋆ /10 8 M ⊙ ), in good agreement with the MZR probed by local analogues of high-redshift systems, such as the ‘Green Pea’ and ‘Blueberry’ galaxies. The inferred slope is well matched by models including ‘momentum-driven’ supernova (SN) winds, suggesting that feedback mechanisms in dwarf galaxies (and at high z ) might be different from those in place at higher masses. The evolution in the normalisation is observed to be relatively mild compared to previous determinations of the MZR at z ∼ 3 (∼0.1 − 0.2 dex across the explored mass regime). We observe a deviation from the local fundamental metallicity relation (FMR) for our sample at high redshift, especially at z > 6, with galaxies significantly less enriched than predicted given their M ⋆ and SFR (with a median offset in log(O/H) of ∼0.5 dex, significant at ∼5 σ ). These observations are consistent with an enhanced stochasticity in the gas accretion and star-formation history of high-redshift systems, prompting us to reconsider the nature of the relationship between M ⋆ , O/H, and SFR in the early Universe.","abstract_license":"CC-BY (publisher license, via OpenAlex)","license":"cc-by","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Abstract of \"JADES: Insights into the low-mass end of the mass–metallicity–SFR relation at 3 < z < 10 from deep JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy\" by Mirko Curti, R. Maiolino, Emma Curtis-Lake et al., https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202346698, used under its Creative Commons Attribution license (CC-BY); markup removed, otherwise unmodified."},{"id":"arxiv:1105.0921","kind":"article","title":"THE SPECTRAL EVOLUTION OF THE FIRST GALAXIES. I.JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPEDETECTION LIMITS AND COLOR CRITERIA FOR POPULATION III GALAXIES","authors":["Erik Zackrisson","Claes-Erik Rydberg","D. Schaerer","Göran Östlin","Manan Tuli"],"author_count":5,"year":2011,"published":"2011-09-19","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal","cited_by":324,"doi":"10.1088/0004-637x/740/1/13","arxiv_id":"1105.0921","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/740/1/13","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:1105.0921","updated":"2011-09-01","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2082731758","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/740/1/13/pdf","abstract":"The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is expected to revolutionize our understanding of the high-redshift Universe, and may be able to test the prediction that the first, chemically pristine (population III) stars formed with very high characteristic masses. Since isolated population III stars are likely to be beyond the reach of JWST, small population III galaxies may offer the best prospects of directly probing the properties of metal-free stars. Here, we present Yggdrasil, a new spectral synthesis code geared towards the first galaxies. Using this model, we explore the JWST imaging detection limits for population III galaxies and investigate to what extent such objects may be identified based on their JWST colours. We predict that JWST should be able to detect population III galaxies with stellar population masses as low as ~10^5 Msolar at z=10 in ultra deep exposures. Over limited redshift intervals, it may also be possible to use colour criteria to select population III galaxy candidates for follow-up spectroscopy. The colours of young population III galaxies dominated by direct star light can be used to probe the stellar initial mass function (IMF), but this requires almost complete leakage of ionizing photons into the intergalactic medium. The colours of objects dominated by nebular emission show no corresponding IMF sensitivity. We also note that a clean selection of population III galaxies at z~7-8 can be achieved by adding two JWST/MIRI filters to the JWST/NIRCam filter sets usually discussed in the context of JWST ultra deep fields.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":null,"is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex+arxiv","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"arxiv:2311.04279","kind":"article","title":"The Complete CEERS Early Universe Galaxy Sample: A Surprisingly Slow Evolution of the Space Density of Bright Galaxies at z ∼ 8.5–14.5","authors":["Steven L. Finkelstein","Gene C. K. Leung","Micaela B. Bagley","Mark Dickinson","Henry C. Ferguson","Casey Papovich","Hollis B. Akins","Pablo Arrabal Haro","Romeel Davé","Avishai Dekel","Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe","Dale D. Kocevski","Anton M. Koekemoer","Nor Pirzkal","Rachel S. Somerville","L. Y. Aaron Yung","R. Amorín","Bren E. Backhaus","Peter Behroozi","Laura Bisigello","Volker Bromm","Caitlin M. Casey","Óscar A. Chávez Ortiz","Y. Cheng","Katherine Chworowsky"],"author_count":54,"year":2024,"published":"2024-06-20","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal Letters","cited_by":215,"doi":"10.3847/2041-8213/ad4495","arxiv_id":"2311.04279","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad4495","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:2311.04279","updated":"2023-11-07","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W4399854797","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/ad4495/pdf","abstract":"We present a sample of 88 candidate z~8.5-14.5 galaxies selected from the completed NIRCam imaging from the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science (CEERS) survey. These data cover ~90 arcmin^2 (10 NIRCam pointings) in six broad-band and one medium-band imaging filter. With this sample we confirm at higher confidence early JWST conclusions that bright galaxies in this epoch are more abundant than predicted by most theoretical models. We construct the rest-frame ultraviolet luminosity functions at z~9, 11 and 14, and show that the space density of bright (M_UV=-20) galaxies changes only modestly from z~14 to z~9, compared to a steeper increase from z~8 to z~4. While our candidates are photometrically selected, spectroscopic followup has now confirmed 13 of them, with only one significant interloper, implying that the fidelity of this sample is high. Successfully explaining the evidence for a flatter evolution in the number densities of UV-bright z>10 galaxies may thus require changes to the dominant physical processes regulating star formation. While our results indicate that significant variations of dust attenuation with redshift are unlikely to be the dominant factor at these high redshifts, they are consistent with predictions from models which naturally have enhanced star-formation efficiency and/or stochasticity. An evolving stellar initial mass function could also bring model predictions into better agreement with our results. Deep spectroscopic followup of a large sample of early galaxies can distinguish between these competing scenarios.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":"cc-by","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex+arxiv","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"arxiv:2303.15431","kind":"article","title":"Confirmation and refutation of very luminous galaxies in the early Universe","authors":["Pablo Arrabal Haro","Mark Dickinson","Steven L. Finkelstein","Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe","Callum T. Donnan","D. Burgarella","Adam C. Carnall","Fergus Cullen","J. S. Dunlop","Vital Fernández","Seiji Fujimoto","Intae Jung","M. Krips","Rebecca L. Larson","Casey Papovich","Pablo G. Pérez‐González","R. Amorín","Micaela B. Bagley","V. Buat","Caitlin M. Casey","Katherine Chworowsky","Seth H. Cohen","Henry C. Ferguson","Mauro Giavalisco","Taylor A. Hutchison"],"author_count":36,"year":2023,"published":"2023-08-14","venue":"Nature","cited_by":228,"doi":"10.1038/s41586-023-06521-7","arxiv_id":"2303.15431","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06521-7","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:2303.15431","updated":"2023-08-16","pmid":"37579792","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W4385812401","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2303.15431","abstract":"During the first 500 million years of cosmic history, the first stars and galaxies formed, seeding the Universe with heavy elements and eventually reionizing the intergalactic medium. Observations with JWST have uncovered a surprisingly high abundance of candidates for early star-forming galaxies, with distances (redshifts, $z$), estimated from multi-band photometry, as large as $z\\approx 16$, far beyond pre-JWST limits. While generally robust, such photometric redshifts can suffer from degeneracies and occasionally catastrophic errors. Spectroscopic measurement is required to validate these sources and to reliably quantify physical properties that can constrain galaxy formation models and cosmology. Here we present JWST spectroscopy that confirms redshifts for two very luminous galaxies with $z > 11$, but also demonstrates that another candidate with suggested $z\\approx 16$ instead has $z = 4.9$, with an unusual combination of nebular line emission and dust reddening that mimics the colors expected for much more distant objects. These results reinforce evidence for the early, rapid formation of remarkably luminous galaxies, while also highlighting the necessity of spectroscopic verification. The large abundance of bright, early galaxies may indicate shortcomings in current galaxy formation models, or deviation from physical properties (such as the stellar initial mass function) that are generally believed to hold at later times.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":"cc-by","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex+arxiv","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"arxiv:2110.13160","kind":"review","title":"Galaxy Formation and Reionization: Key Unknowns and Expected Breakthroughs by the James Webb Space Telescope","authors":["Brant E. Robertson"],"author_count":1,"year":2022,"published":"2022-04-08","venue":"Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics","cited_by":230,"doi":"10.1146/annurev-astro-120221-044656","arxiv_id":"2110.13160","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-120221-044656","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:2110.13160","updated":"2021-10-25","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W3208269675","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2110.13160","abstract":"The scheduled launch of James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in late 2021 marks a new start for studies of galaxy formation at high redshift z>~6 during the era of Cosmic Reionization. JWST can capture sensitive, high-resolution images and multi-object spectroscopy in the infrared that will transform our view of galaxy formation during the first billion years of cosmic history. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the role of galaxies in reionizing intergalactic hydrogen ahead of JWST, achieved through observations with Hubble Space Telescope and ground-based facilities including Keck, the Very Large Telescope, Subaru, and the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array. We identify outstanding questions in the field that JWST can address during its mission lifetime, including with the planned JWST Cycle 1 programs. (Abridged)","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":null,"is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex+arxiv","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"arxiv:2207.14808","kind":"article","title":"The brightest galaxies at cosmic dawn","authors":["Charlotte A. Mason","Michele Trenti","Tommaso Treu"],"author_count":3,"year":2023,"published":"2023-01-09","venue":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","cited_by":222,"doi":"10.1093/mnras/stad035","arxiv_id":"2207.14808","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad035","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:2207.14808","updated":"2023-01-05","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W4313856918","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-pdf/521/1/497/49442729/stad035.pdf","abstract":"Recent JWST observations suggest an excess of $z\\gtrsim10$ galaxy candidates above most theoretical models. Here, we explore how the interplay between halo formation timescales, star formation efficiency and dust attenuation affects the properties and number densities of galaxies we can detect in the early universe. We calculate the theoretical upper limit on the UV luminosity function, assuming star formation is 100% efficient and all gas in halos is converted into stars, and that galaxies are at the peak age for UV emission (~10 Myr). This upper limit is ~4 orders of magnitude greater than current observations, implying these are fully consistent with star formation in $Λ$CDM cosmology. In a more realistic model, we use the distribution of halo formation timescales derived from extended Press-Schechter theory as a proxy for star formation rate (SFR). We predict that the galaxies observed so far at $z\\gtrsim10$ are dominated by those with the fastest formation timescales, and thus most extreme SFRs and young ages. These galaxies can be upscattered by ~1.5 mag compared to the median UV magnitude vs halo mass relation. This likely introduces a selection effect at high redshift whereby only the youngest ($\\lesssim$10 Myr), most highly star forming galaxies (specific SFR$\\gtrsim$30 Gyr$^{-1}$) have been detected so far. Furthermore, our modelling suggests that redshift evolution at the bright end of the UV luminosity function is substantially affected by the build-up of dust attenuation. We predict that deeper JWST observations (reaching m~30) will reveal more typical galaxies with relatively older ages (~100 Myr) and less extreme specific SFRs (~10 Gyr$^{-1}$ for a $M_\\mathrm{UV}$ ~ -20 galaxy at z~10).","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":null,"is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex+arxiv","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"arxiv:2207.12338","kind":"article","title":"Revealing galaxy candidates out to z ∼ 16 with JWST observations of the lensing cluster SMACS0723","authors":["Hakim Atek","Marko Shuntov","Lukas J. Furtak","Johan Richard","Jean‐Paul Kneib","Guillaume Mahler","Adi Zitrin","Henry Joy McCracken","S. Charlot","Jacopo Chevallard","Iryna Chemerynska"],"author_count":11,"year":2022,"published":"2022-11-02","venue":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","cited_by":229,"doi":"10.1093/mnras/stac3144","arxiv_id":"2207.12338","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3144","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:2207.12338","updated":"2022-10-31","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W4309527174","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-pdf/519/1/1201/48377308/stac3144.pdf","abstract":"One of the main goals of the JWST is to study the first galaxies in the Universe. We present a systematic photometric analysis of very distant galaxies in the first JWST deep field towards the massive lensing cluster SMACS0723. As a result, we report the discovery of two galaxy candidates at $z\\sim16$, only $250$ million years after the Big Bang. We also identify two candidates at $z\\sim 12$ and 6 candidates at $z\\sim 9-11$. Our search extended out to $z\\lesssim21$ by combining color information across seven NIRCam and NIRISS filters. By modelling the Spectral Energy Distributions (SEDs) with \\texttt{EAZY} and \\texttt{BEAGLE}, we test the robustness of the photometric redshift estimates. While their intrinsic (un-lensed) luminosity is typical of the characteristic luminosity L$^*$ at $z>10$, our high-redshift galaxies typically show small sizes and their morphologies are consistent with disks in some cases. The highest-redshift candidates have extremely blue UV-continuum slopes $-3 < β<-2.4$, young ages $\\sim 10-100$\\,Myr, and stellar masses around $\\log(M_{\\star}/\\mathrm{M}_{\\odot})=8.8$ inferred from their SED modeling, which indicate a rapid build-up of their stellar mass. Our search clearly demonstrates the capabilities of JWST to uncover robust photometric candidates up to very high redshifts, and peer into the formation epoch of the first galaxies.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":null,"is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex+arxiv","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad037a","kind":"article","title":"UNCOVER: A NIRSpec Identification of a Broad-line AGN at z = 8.50","authors":["Vasily Kokorev","Seiji Fujimoto","Ivo Labbé","Jenny E. Greene","Rachel Bezanson","Pratika Dayal","Erica June Nelson","Hakim Atek","Gabriel Brammer","K. I. Caputi","Iryna Chemerynska","Sam E. Cutler","Robert Feldmann","Yoshinobu Fudamoto","Lukas J. Furtak","Andy D. Goulding","Anna de Graaff","Joel Leja","Danilo Marchesini","Tim B. Miller","Themiya Nanayakkara","Pascal A. Oesch","Richard Pan","Sedona H. Price","David J. Setton"],"author_count":32,"year":2023,"published":"2023-10-26","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal Letters","cited_by":213,"doi":"10.3847/2041-8213/ad037a","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad037a","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad037a","updated":null,"pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W4387955803","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/ad037a/pdf","abstract":"Abstract Deep observations with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have revealed an emerging population of red pointlike sources that could provide a link between the postulated supermassive black hole seeds and observed quasars. In this work, we present a JWST/NIRSpec spectrum from the JWST Cycle 1 UNCOVER Treasury survey of a massive accreting black hole at z = 8.50 displaying a clear broad-line component as inferred from the H β line with FWHM = 3439 ± 413 km s −1 , typical of the broad-line region of an active galactic nucleus (AGN). The AGN nature of this object is further supported by high ionization, as inferred from emission lines, and a point-source morphology. We compute a black hole mass of log 10 ( M BH / M ⊙ ) = 8.17 ± 0.42 and a bolometric luminosity of L bol ∼ 6.6 × 10 45 erg s −1 . These values imply that our object is accreting at ∼40% of the Eddington limit. Detailed modeling of the spectral energy distribution in the optical and near-infrared, together with constraints from ALMA, indicate an upper limit on the stellar mass of log 10 ( M * / M ⊙ ) < 8.7 , which would lead to an unprecedented ratio of black hole to host mass of at least ∼30%. This is orders of magnitude higher compared to the local QSOs but consistent with recent AGN studies at high redshift with JWST. This finding suggests that a nonnegligible fraction of supermassive black holes either started out from massive seeds and/or grew at a super-Eddington rate at high redshift. Given the predicted number densities of high- z faint AGN, future NIRSpec observations of larger samples will allow us to further investigate galaxy–black hole coevolution in the early Universe.","abstract_license":"CC-BY (publisher license, via OpenAlex)","license":"cc-by","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Abstract of \"UNCOVER: A NIRSpec Identification of a Broad-line AGN at z = 8.50\" by Vasily Kokorev, Seiji Fujimoto, Ivo Labbé et al., https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad037a, used under its Creative Commons Attribution license (CC-BY); markup removed, otherwise unmodified."},{"id":"arxiv:1806.03299","kind":"article","title":"A Redshift-independent Efficiency Model: Star Formation and Stellar Masses in Dark Matter Halos at z ≳ 4","authors":["Sandro Tacchella","Sownak Bose","Charlie Conroy","Daniel J. Eisenstein","Benjamin D. Johnson"],"author_count":5,"year":2018,"published":"2018-11-27","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal","cited_by":251,"doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/aae8e0","arxiv_id":"1806.03299","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aae8e0","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:1806.03299","updated":"2018-12-03","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2807446393","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aae8e0/pdf","abstract":"We explore the connection between the UV luminosity functions (LFs) of high-$z$ galaxies and the distribution of stellar masses and star-formation histories (SFHs) in their host dark matter halos. We provide a baseline for a redshift-independent star-formation efficiency model to which observations and models can be compared. Our model assigns a star-formation rate (SFR) to each dark matter halo based on the growth rate of the halo and a redshift-independent star-formation efficiency. The dark matter halo accretion rate is obtained from a high-resolution $N$-body simulation in order to capture the stochasticity in accretion histories and to obtain spatial information for the distribution of galaxies. The halo mass dependence of the star-formation efficiency is calibrated at $z=4$ by requiring a match to the observed UV LF at this redshift. The model then correctly predicts the observed UV LF at $z=5-10$. We present predictions for the UV luminosity and stellar mass functions, \\textit{JWST} number counts, and SFHs. In particular, we find a stellar-to-halo mass relation at $z=4-10$ that scales with halo mass at $M_{\\rm h}<10^{11}~M_{\\odot}$ as $M_{\\star}\\propto M_{\\rm h}^2$, with a normalization that is higher than the relation inferred at $z=0$. The average SFRs increase as a function of time to $z=4$, although there is significant scatter around the average: about 6\\% of the $z=4$ galaxies show no significant mass growth. Using these SFHs, we present redshift-dependent UV-to-SFR conversion factors, mass return fractions, and mass-to-light ratios for different intial mass functions and metallicities, finding that current estimates of the cosmic SFR density at $z\\sim10$ may be overestimated by $\\sim0.1-0.2~\\mathrm{dex}$.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":null,"is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex+arxiv","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acf7c5","kind":"article","title":"UNCOVER: The Growth of the First Massive Black Holes from JWST/NIRSpec—Spectroscopic Redshift Confirmation of an X-Ray Luminous AGN at z = 10.1","authors":["Andy D. Goulding","Jenny E. Greene","David J. Setton","Ivo Labbé","Rachel Bezanson","Tim B. Miller","Hakim Atek","Ákos Bogdán","Gabriel Brammer","Iryna Chemerynska","Sam E. Cutler","Pratika Dayal","Yoshinobu Fudamoto","Seiji Fujimoto","Lukas J. Furtak","Vasily Kokorev","Gourav Khullar","Joel Leja","Danilo Marchesini","Priyamvada Natarajan","Erica June Nelson","Pascal A. Oesch","Richard Pan","Casey Papovich","Sedona H. Price"],"author_count":30,"year":2023,"published":"2023-09-01","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal Letters","cited_by":204,"doi":"10.3847/2041-8213/acf7c5","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acf7c5","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acf7c5","updated":null,"pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W4386969571","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/acf7c5/pdf","abstract":"Abstract The James Webb Space Telescope is now detecting early black holes (BHs) as they transition from “seeds” to supermassive BHs. Recently, Bogdan et al. reported the detection of an X-ray luminous supermassive BH, UHZ-1, with a photometric redshift at z > 10. Such an extreme source at this very high redshift provides new insights on seeding and growth models for BHs given the short time available for formation and growth. Harnessing the exquisite sensitivity of JWST/NIRSpec, here we report the spectroscopic confirmation of UHZ-1 at z = 10.073 ± 0.002. We find that the NIRSpec/Prism spectrum is typical of recently discovered z ≈ 10 galaxies, characterized primarily by star formation features. We see no clear evidence of the powerful X-ray source in the rest-frame UV/optical spectrum, which may suggest heavy obscuration of the central BH, in line with the Compton-thick column density measured in the X-rays. We perform a stellar population fit simultaneously to the new NIRSpec spectroscopy and previously available photometry. The fit yields a stellar-mass estimate for the host galaxy that is significantly better constrained than prior photometric estimates ( M ⋆ ∼ 1.4 − 0.4 + 0.3 × 10 8 M ⊙ ). Given the predicted BH mass ( M BH ∼ 10 7 –10 8 M ⊙ ), the resulting ratio of M BH / M ⋆ remains 2 to 3 orders of magnitude higher than local values, thus lending support to the heavy seeding channel for the formation of supermassive BHs within the first billion years of cosmic evolution.","abstract_license":"CC-BY (publisher license, via OpenAlex)","license":"cc-by","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Abstract of \"UNCOVER: The Growth of the First Massive Black Holes from JWST/NIRSpec—Spectroscopic Redshift Confirmation of an X-Ray Luminous AGN at z = 10.1\" by Andy D. Goulding, Jenny E. Greene, David J. Setton et al., https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acf7c5, used under its Creative Commons Attribution license (CC-BY); markup removed, otherwise unmodified."},{"id":"arxiv:2303.08149","kind":"article","title":"Direct T e -based Metallicities of z = 2–9 Galaxies with JWST/NIRSpec: Empirical Metallicity Calibrations Applicable from Reionization to Cosmic Noon","authors":["Ryan L. Sanders","Alice E. Shapley","Michael W. Topping","Naveen A. Reddy","Gabriel Brammer"],"author_count":5,"year":2024,"published":"2024-02-01","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal","cited_by":187,"doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/ad15fc","arxiv_id":"2303.08149","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad15fc","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:2303.08149","updated":"2026-05-19","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W4391474748","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2303.08149","abstract":"We report detections of the [OIII]$λ$4364 auroral emission line for 16 galaxies at z=2.1-8.7, measured from JWST/NIRSpec observations obtained as part of the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science (CEERS) survey program. We combine this CEERS sample with 9 objects from the literature at z=4-9 with auroral-line detections from JWST/NIRSpec and 21 galaxies at z=1.4-3.7 with auroral-line detections from ground-based spectroscopy. We derive electron temperature T_e and direct-method oxygen abundances for the combined sample of 46 star-forming galaxies at z=1.4-8.7. We use these measurements to construct the first high-redshift empirical T_e-based metallicity calibrations for the strong-line ratios [OIII]/H$β$, [OII]/H$β$, R23=([OIII]+[OII])/H$β$, [OIII]/[OII], and [NeIII]/[OII]. These new calibrations are valid over 12+log(O/H)=7.4-8.3 and can be applied to samples of star-forming galaxies at z=2-9, leading to an improvement in the accuracy of metallicity determinations at Cosmic Noon and in the Epoch of Reionization. The high-redshift strong-line relations are offset from calibrations based on typical $z\\sim0$ galaxies or HII regions, reflecting the known evolution of ionization conditions between $z\\sim0$ and $z\\sim2$. Deep spectroscopic programs with JWST/NIRSpec promise to improve statistics at the low and high ends of the metallicity range covered by the current sample, as well as improve the detection rate of [NII]$λ$6585 to allow the future assessment of N-based indicators. These new high-redshift calibrations will enable accurate characterizations of metallicity scaling relations at high redshift, improving our understanding of feedback and baryon cycling in the early universe.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":"cc-by","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex+arxiv","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"arxiv:1710.10276","kind":"article","title":"Dust temperature and mid-to-total infrared color distributions for star-forming galaxies at 0 < z < 4","authors":["C. Schreiber","D. Elbaz","M. Pannella","Laure Ciesla","T. Wang","Maximilien Franco"],"author_count":6,"year":2017,"published":"2017-10-30","venue":"Astronomy and Astrophysics","cited_by":238,"doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/201731506","arxiv_id":"1710.10276","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201731506","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:1710.10276","updated":"2017-10-27","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2766776903","pdf_url":"https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/pdf/2018/01/aa31506-17.pdf","abstract":"We present a new, publicly available library of dust spectral energy distributions (SEDs). These SEDs are characterized by only three parameters: the dust mass (Mdust), the dust temperature (Tdust), and the mid-to-total infrared color (IR8=LIR/L8). The latter measures the relative contribution of PAH molecules to the LIR. We used this library to model star-forming galaxies at 0.5<z<4 in the CANDELS fields, using both individual detections and stacks of Herschel and ALMA imaging, and extending this sample to z=0 using the Herschel Reference Survey. At first order, the dust SED of a galaxy was found independent of stellar mass, but evolving with redshift. We found trends of increasing Tdust and IR8 with redshift and distance from the SFR--Mstar main sequence (MS), and quantified for the first time their intrinsic scatter. Half of the observed variation of these parameters was captured by these empirical relations, with residual scatters of 12% and 0.18 dex, respectively. Second order variations with stellar mass are discussed. Building on these results, we constructed high-fidelity mock galaxy catalogs to predict the accuracy of LIR and Mdust determined from a single flux measurement. Using a single JWST MIRI band, we found that LIR is typically uncertain by 0.15 dex, with a maximum of 0.25 dex when probing the rest-frame 8 um, and this is not significantly impacted by typical redshift uncertainties. On the other hand, we found that ALMA bands 8-to-7 and 6-to-3 measure Mdust at better than 0.2 and 0.15 dex, respectively, and independently of redshift, while bands 9-to-6 only measure LIR at better than 0.2 dex at z>1, 3.2, 3.8, and 5.7, respectively. Starburst galaxies above the MS have LIR significantly underestimated and Mdust overestimated. These results can be used immediately to interpret more accurately the large amount of archival data from Spitzer, Herschel and ALMA. [abridged]","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":null,"is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex+arxiv","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"arxiv:2304.05378","kind":"article","title":"Spectroscopic Confirmation of CEERS NIRCam-selected Galaxies at z ≃ 8–10","authors":["Pablo Arrabal Haro","Mark Dickinson","Steven L. Finkelstein","Seiji Fujimoto","Vital Fernández","Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe","Intae Jung","Justin W. Cole","D. Burgarella","Katherine Chworowsky","Taylor A. Hutchison","Alexa M. Morales","Casey Papovich","Raymond C. Simons","R. Amorín","Bren E. Backhaus","Micaela B. Bagley","Laura Bisigello","Antonello Calabrò","M. Castellano","Nikko J. Cleri","Romeel Davé","Avishai Dekel","Henry C. Ferguson","A. Fontana"],"author_count":47,"year":2023,"published":"2023-07-01","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal Letters","cited_by":199,"doi":"10.3847/2041-8213/acdd54","arxiv_id":"2304.05378","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acdd54","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:2304.05378","updated":"2023-07-06","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W4383375050","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/acdd54/pdf","abstract":"We present JWST/NIRSpec prism spectroscopy of seven galaxies selected from the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science Survey (CEERS) NIRCam imaging with photometric redshifts z_phot>8. We measure emission line redshifts of z=7.65 and 8.64 for two galaxies, and z=9.77(+0.37,-0.29) and 10.01(+0.14,-0.19) for two others via the detection of continuum breaks consistent with Lyman-alpha opacity from a mostly neutral intergalactic medium. The presence (absense) of strong breaks (strong emission lines) give high confidence that these two galaxies are at z>9.6, but the break-derived redshifts have large uncertainties given the low spectral resolution and relatively low signal-to-noise of the CEERS NIRSpec prism data. The two z~10 sources are relatively luminous (M_UV<-20), with blue continua (-2.3<beta<-1.9) and low dust attenuation (A_V=0.15(+0.3,-0.1)); and at least one of them has high stellar mass for a galaxy at that redshift (log(M_*/M_sol)=9.3(+0.2,-0.3)). Considered together with spectroscopic observations of other CEERS NIRCam-selected high-z galaxy candidates in the literature, we find a high rate of redshift confirmation and low rate of confirmed interlopers (8.3%). Ten out of 34 z>8 candidates with CEERS NIRSpec spectroscopy do not have secure redshifts, but the absence of emission lines in their spectra is consistent with redshifts z>9.6. We find that z>8 photometric redshifts are generally in agreement (within uncertainties) with the spectroscopic values. However, the photometric redshifts tend to be slightly overestimated (average Delta(z)=0.50+/-0.12), suggesting that current templates do not fully describe the spectra of very high-z sources. Overall, our results solidifies photometric evidence for a high space density of bright galaxies at z>8 compared to theoretical model predictions, and further disfavors an accelerated decline in the integrated UV luminosity density at z>8.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":"cc-by","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex+arxiv","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."}],"next":"https://space-kitty.com/api/v1/topics/early-universe-jwst/papers?sort=top&limit=25&offset=25"}