{"topic":"inertial-fusion","sort":"top","limit":25,"offset":0,"count":25,"papers":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/nphys3736","kind":"article","title":"Inertial-confinement fusion with lasers","authors":["R. Betti","O. A. Hurricane"],"author_count":2,"year":2016,"published":"2016-05-01","venue":"Nature Physics","cited_by":892,"doi":"10.1038/nphys3736","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3736","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1038/nphys3736","updated":null,"pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2345413944","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1255527","abstract":null,"abstract_license":null,"license":null,"is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Metadata and citation counts: OpenAlex (CC0)."},{"id":"doi:10.1038/nature13008","kind":"article","title":"Fuel gain exceeding unity in an inertially confined fusion implosion","authors":["O. A. Hurricane","Debra A. Callahan","D. T. Casey","Peter M. Celliers","C. Cerjan","E. L. Dewald","Thomas R. Dittrich","T. Döppner","Denise E. Hinkel","Laura Berzak Hopkins","John L. Kline","S. Le Pape","Tammy Ma","Andrew G. MacPhee","Jose L. Milovich","Arthur E. Pak","H.‐S. Park","Pravesh K. Patel","Bruce A. Remington","JAY D. SALMONSON","Paul T. Springer","Riccardo Tommasini"],"author_count":22,"year":2014,"published":"2014-02-12","venue":"Nature","cited_by":874,"doi":"10.1038/nature13008","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13008","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1038/nature13008","updated":null,"pmid":"24522535","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2062478032","pdf_url":null,"abstract":null,"abstract_license":null,"license":null,"is_open_access":false,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Metadata and citation counts: OpenAlex (CC0)."},{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.4934714","kind":"article","title":"Direct-drive inertial confinement fusion: A review","authors":["Robert S. Craxton","K. S. Anderson","Thomas R. Boehly","Valeri N. Goncharov","David R. Harding","James P. Knauer","R. L. McCrory","Patrick W. McKenty","David D. Meyerhofer","J. F. Myatt","A. J. Schmitt","J. D. Sethian","Robert W. Short","S. Skupsky","W. Theobald","W. L. Kruer","Kazuo A TANAKA","R. Betti","T. J. B. Collins","J. A. Delettrez","S. X. Hu","John A. Marozas","Andrei V. Maximov","David Tomline Michel","P. B. Radha"],"author_count":32,"year":2015,"published":"2015-11-01","venue":"Physics of Plasmas","cited_by":774,"doi":"10.1063/1.4934714","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4934714","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1063/1.4934714","updated":null,"pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2226951437","pdf_url":null,"abstract":"The direct-drive, laser-based approach to inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is reviewed from its inception following the demonstration of the first laser to its implementation on the present generation of high-power lasers. The review focuses on the evolution of scientific understanding gained from target-physics experiments in many areas, identifying problems that were demonstrated and the solutions implemented. The review starts with the basic understanding of laser–plasma interactions that was obtained before the declassification of laser-induced compression in the early 1970s and continues with the compression experiments using infrared lasers in the late 1970s that produced thermonuclear neutrons. The problem of suprathermal electrons and the target preheat that they caused, associated with the infrared laser wavelength, led to lasers being built after 1980 to operate at shorter wavelengths, especially 0.35 μm—the third harmonic of the Nd:glass laser—and 0.248 μm (the KrF gas laser). The main physics areas relevant to direct drive are reviewed. The primary absorption mechanism at short wavelengths is classical inverse bremsstrahlung. Nonuniformities imprinted on the target by laser irradiation have been addressed by the development of a number of beam-smoothing techniques and imprint-mitigation strategies. The effects of hydrodynamic instabilities are mitigated by a combination of imprint reduction and target designs that minimize the instability growth rates. Several coronal plasma physics processes are reviewed. The two-plasmon–decay instability, stimulated Brillouin scattering (together with cross-beam energy transfer), and (possibly) stimulated Raman scattering are identified as potential concerns, placing constraints on the laser intensities used in target designs, while other processes (self-focusing and filamentation, the parametric decay instability, and magnetic fields), once considered important, are now of lesser concern for mainline direct-drive target concepts. Filamentation is largely suppressed by beam smoothing. Thermal transport modeling, important to the interpretation of experiments and to target design, has been found to be nonlocal in nature. Advances in shock timing and equation-of-state measurements relevant to direct-drive ICF are reported. Room-temperature implosions have provided an increased understanding of the importance of stability and uniformity. The evolution of cryogenic implosion capabilities, leading to an extensive series carried out on the 60-beam OMEGA laser [Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)], is reviewed together with major advances in cryogenic target formation. A polar-drive concept has been developed that will enable direct-drive–ignition experiments to be performed on the National Ignition Facility [Haynam et al., Appl. Opt. 46(16), 3276 (2007)]. The advantages offered by the alternative approaches of fast ignition and shock ignition and the issues associated with these concepts are described. The lessons learned from target-physics and implosion experiments are taken into account in ignition and high-gain target designs for laser wavelengths of 1/3 μm and 1/4 μm. Substantial advances in direct-drive inertial fusion reactor concepts are reviewed. Overall, the progress in scientific understanding over the past five decades has been enormous, to the point that inertial fusion energy using direct drive shows significant promise as a future environmentally attractive energy source.","abstract_license":"CC-BY (publisher license, via OpenAlex)","license":"cc-by","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Abstract of \"Direct-drive inertial confinement fusion: A review\" by Robert S. Craxton, K. S. Anderson, Thomas R. Boehly et al., https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4934714, used under its Creative Commons Attribution license (CC-BY); markup removed, otherwise unmodified."},{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.4865400","kind":"article","title":"Review of the National Ignition Campaign 2009-2012","authors":["John D. Lindl","Otto L. Landen","John Edwards","E Moses","NIC Team"],"author_count":5,"year":2014,"published":"2014-02-01","venue":"Physics of Plasmas","cited_by":694,"doi":"10.1063/1.4865400","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4865400","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1063/1.4865400","updated":null,"pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W1970873666","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1129430","abstract":null,"abstract_license":null,"license":null,"is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Metadata and citation counts: OpenAlex (CC0)."},{"id":"arxiv:1009.5215","kind":"article","title":"Colloquium : Nonlinear collective interactions in quantum plasmas with degenerate electron fluids","authors":["Padma K Shukla","Bengt Eliasson"],"author_count":2,"year":2011,"published":"2011-09-07","venue":"Reviews of Modern Physics","cited_by":477,"doi":"10.1103/revmodphys.83.885","arxiv_id":"1009.5215","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.83.885","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:1009.5215","updated":"2011-05-10","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2030140944","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1009.5215","abstract":"The current understanding of some important nonlinear collective processes in quantum plasmas with degenerate electrons is presented. After reviewing the basic properties of quantum plasmas, we present model equations (e.g. the quantum hydrodynamic and effective nonlinear Schrödinger-Poisson equations) that describe collective nonlinear phenomena at nanoscales. The effects of the electron degeneracy arise due to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle and Pauli's exclusion principle for overlapping electron wavefunctions that result in tunneling of electrons and the electron degeneracy pressure. Since electrons are Fermions (spin-1/2), there also appears an electron spin current and a spin force acting on electrons due to the Bohr magnetization. The quantum effects produce new aspects of electrostatic (ES) and electromagnetic (EM) waves in a quantum plasma that are summarized in here. Furthermore, we discuss nonlinear features of ES ion waves and electron plasma oscillations (ESOs), as well as the trapping of intense EM waves in quantum electron density cavities. Specifically, simulation studies of the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) and Poisson equations reveal the formation and dynamics of localized ES structures at nanoscales in a quantum plasma. We also discuss the effect of an external magnetic field on the plasma wave spectra and develop quantum magnetohydrodynamic (Q-MHD) equations. The results are useful for understanding numerous collective phenomena in quantum plasmas, such as those in compact astrophysical objects, in plasma-assisted nanotechnology, and in the next-generation of intense laser-solid density plasma interaction experiments.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":null,"is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Dust and Plasma Wave Phenomena"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex+arxiv","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.1185634","kind":"article","title":"Symmetric Inertial Confinement Fusion Implosions at Ultra-High Laser Energies","authors":["Siegfried Heinz Glenzer","Brian J. MacGowan","Pierre A. Michel","N. B. Meezan","Larry J. Suter","S. N. Dixit","John L. Kline","George A. Kyrala","D. K. Bradley","Debra A. Callahan","E. L. Dewald","L. Divol","Elizabeth G. Dzenitis","M. J. Edwards","A. V. Hamza","Christopher A. Haynam","Denise E. Hinkel","Daniel H. Kalantar","J. D. Kilkenny","Otto L. Landen","John D. Lindl","S. Le Pape","J. D. Moody","Abbas Nikroo","T. Parham"],"author_count":34,"year":2010,"published":"2010-01-29","venue":"Science","cited_by":372,"doi":"10.1126/science.1185634","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1185634","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1126/science.1185634","updated":null,"pmid":"20110465","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2124210976","pdf_url":null,"abstract":null,"abstract_license":null,"license":null,"is_open_access":false,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Metadata and citation counts: OpenAlex (CC0)."},{"id":"doi:10.13182/fst15-144","kind":"article","title":"Description of the NIF Laser","authors":["Mary L. Spaeth","Kenneth R. Manes","Daniel H. Kalantar","Philip E. Miller","John E. Heebner","Erlan S. Bliss","D. R. Spec","Thomas G. Parham","Pamela K. Whitman","Paul J. Wegner","Patricia A. Baisden","Joseph A. Menapace","Mark W. Bowers","Simon J. Cohen","Tayyab I. Suratwala","J. M. Di Nicola","M. A. Newton","John J. Adams","John B. Trenholme","R. G. Finucane","R. E. Bonanno","D. Rardin","Phillip A. Arnold","S. N. Dixit","Gaylen V. Erbert"],"author_count":56,"year":2016,"published":"2016-02-01","venue":"Fusion Science & Technology","cited_by":307,"doi":"10.13182/fst15-144","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.13182/fst15-144","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.13182/fst15-144","updated":null,"pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2331606023","pdf_url":null,"abstract":null,"abstract_license":null,"license":null,"is_open_access":false,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Metadata and citation counts: OpenAlex (CC0)."},{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.4816115","kind":"article","title":"Progress towards ignition on the National Ignition Facility","authors":["M. J. Edwards","Pravesh K. Patel","John D. Lindl","Lawrence J. Atherton","Siegfried Heinz Glenzer","Steven W. Haan","J. D. Kilkenny","Otto L. Landen","E. I. Moses","Abbas Nikroo","Richard D. Petrasso","T. C. Sangster","Paul T. Springer","Steven H. Batha","R. Benedetti","L. A. Bernstein","R. Betti","D. L. Bleuel","T. R. Boehly","D. K. Bradley","J. A. Caggiano","Debra A. Callahan","Peter M. Celliers","C. Cerjan","K.-C. Chen"],"author_count":100,"year":2013,"published":"2013-07-01","venue":"Physics of Plasmas","cited_by":296,"doi":"10.1063/1.4816115","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816115","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1063/1.4816115","updated":null,"pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2336334603","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1244663","abstract":null,"abstract_license":null,"license":null,"is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Metadata and citation counts: OpenAlex (CC0)."},{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41567-021-01485-9","kind":"article","title":"Design of inertial fusion implosions reaching the burning plasma regime","authors":["A. L. Kritcher","Christopher V. Young","H. F. Robey","Christopher R. Weber","Alex B. Zylstra","O. A. Hurricane","Debra A. Callahan","J. E. Ralph","Jeffrey S. Ross","K. L. Baker","D. T. Casey","Daniel S. Clark","T. Döppner","L. Divol","M. Hohenberger","Laura Berzak Hopkins","S. Le Pape","N. B. Meezan","Arthur E. Pak","Pravesh K. Patel","Riccardo Tommasini","S. J. Ali","Peter Amendt","Lawrence J. Atherton","B. Bachmann"],"author_count":100,"year":2022,"published":"2022-01-26","venue":"Nature Physics","cited_by":208,"doi":"10.1038/s41567-021-01485-9","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-021-01485-9","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1038/s41567-021-01485-9","updated":null,"pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W4210517898","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-021-01485-9.pdf","abstract":"Abstract In a burning plasma state1–7, alpha particles from deuterium–tritium fusion reactions redeposit their energy and are the dominant source of heating. This state has recently been achieved at the US National Ignition Facility8 using indirect-drive inertial-confinement fusion. Our experiments use a laser-generated radiation-filled cavity (a hohlraum) to spherically implode capsules containing deuterium and tritium fuel in a central hot spot where the fusion reactions occur. We have developed more efficient hohlraums to implode larger fusion targets compared with previous experiments9,10. This delivered more energy to the hot spot, whereas other parameters were optimized to maintain the high pressures required for inertial-confinement fusion. We also report improvements in implosion symmetry control by moving energy between the laser beams11–16 and designing advanced hohlraum geometry17 that allows for these larger implosions to be driven at the present laser energy and power capability of the National Ignition Facility. These design changes resulted in fusion powers of 1.5 petawatts, greater than the input power of the laser, and 170 kJ of fusion energy18,19. Radiation hydrodynamics simulations20,21 show energy deposition by alpha particles as the dominant term in the hot-spot energy balance, indicative of a burning plasma state.","abstract_license":"CC-BY (publisher license, via OpenAlex)","license":"cc-by","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Abstract of \"Design of inertial fusion implosions reaching the burning plasma regime\" by A. L. Kritcher, Christopher V. Young, H. F. Robey et al., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-021-01485-9, used under its Creative Commons Attribution license (CC-BY); markup removed, otherwise unmodified."},{"id":"doi:10.1146/annurev-fluid-022824-110008","kind":"review","title":"Instabilities and Mixing in Inertial Confinement Fusion","authors":["Ye Zhou","James D. Sadler","O. A. Hurricane"],"author_count":3,"year":2024,"published":"2024-09-11","venue":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","cited_by":176,"doi":"10.1146/annurev-fluid-022824-110008","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-022824-110008","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1146/annurev-fluid-022824-110008","updated":null,"pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W4402433097","pdf_url":null,"abstract":"By imploding fuel of hydrogen isotopes, inertial confinement fusion (ICF) aims to create conditions that mimic those in the Sun's core. This is fluid dynamics in an extreme regime, with the ultimate goal of making nuclear fusion a viable clean energy source. The fuel must be reliably and symmetrically compressed to temperatures exceeding 100 million degrees Celsius. After the best part of a century of research, the foremost fusion milestone was reached in 2021, when ICF became the first technology to achieve an igniting fusion fuel (thermonuclear instability), and then in 2022 scientific energy breakeven was attained. A key trade-off of the ICF platform is that greater fuel compression leads to higher burn efficiency, but at the expense of amplified Rayleigh–Taylor and Richtmyer–Meshkov instabilities and kinetic-energy-wasting asymmetries. In extreme cases, these three-dimensional instabilities can completely break up the implosion. Even in the highest-yielding 2022 scientific breakeven experiment, high-atomic-number (high-Z) contaminants were unintentionally injected into the fuel. Here we review the pivotal role that fluid dynamics plays in the construction of a stable implosion and the decades of improved understanding and isolated experiments that have contributed to fusion ignition.","abstract_license":"CC-BY (publisher license, via OpenAlex)","license":"cc-by","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Abstract of \"Instabilities and Mixing in Inertial Confinement Fusion\" by Ye Zhou, James D. Sadler, O. A. Hurricane, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-022824-110008, used under its Creative Commons Attribution license (CC-BY); markup removed, otherwise unmodified."},{"id":"doi:10.1103/physrevlett.111.085004","kind":"article","title":"Onset of Hydrodynamic Mix in High-Velocity, Highly Compressed Inertial Confinement Fusion Implosions","authors":["Tammy Ma","Pravesh K. Patel","N. Izumi","Paul T. Springer","M. H. Key","Lawrence J. Atherton","Laura Robin Benedetti","D. K. Bradley","Debra A. Callahan","Peter M. Celliers","C. Cerjan","Daniel S. Clark","E. L. Dewald","Sham N. Dixit","T. Döppner","Dana H. Edgell","Reuben Epstein","S. Glenn","Gary P. Grim","Steven W. Haan","B. A. Hammel","Damien G. Hicks","Warren W. Hsing","Ogden S. Jones","Shahab F Khan"],"author_count":53,"year":2013,"published":"2013-08-23","venue":"Physical Review Letters","cited_by":242,"doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.111.085004","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.111.085004","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1103/physrevlett.111.085004","updated":null,"pmid":"24010449","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W1966450904","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1224391","abstract":null,"abstract_license":null,"license":null,"is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Metadata and citation counts: OpenAlex (CC0)."},{"id":"arxiv:1110.0001","kind":"article","title":"First-principles equation-of-state table of deuterium for inertial confinement fusion applications","authors":["S. X. Hu","Burkhard Militzer","Valeri N. Goncharov","S. Skupsky"],"author_count":4,"year":2011,"published":"2011-12-16","venue":"Physical Review B","cited_by":237,"doi":"10.1103/physrevb.84.224109","arxiv_id":"1110.0001","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.84.224109","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:1110.0001","updated":"2011-09-30","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2060908993","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1110.0001","abstract":"Understanding and designing inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions through radiation-hydrodynamics simulations rely on the accurate knowledge of the equation of state (EOS) of the deuterium and tritium fuels. To minimize the drive energy for ignition, the imploding shell of DT fuel must be kept as cold as possible. Such low-adiabat ICF implosions can access to coupled and degenerate plasma conditions, in which the analytical or chemical EOS models become inaccurate. Using the path-integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) simulations we have derived a first-principles EOS (FPEOS) table of deuterium that covers typical ICF fuel conditions at densities ranging from 0.002 to 1596 g/cm3 and temperatures of 1.35 eV to 5.5 keV. We report the internal energy and the pressure, and discuss the structure of the plasma in terms of pair-correlation functions. When compared with the widely used SESAME table and the revised Kerley03 table, discrepancies in the internal energy and in the pressure are identified for moderately coupled and degenerate plasma conditions. In contrast to the SESAME table, the revised Kerley03 table is in better agreement with our FPEOS results over a wide range of densities and temperatures. Although subtle differences still exist for lower temperatures (T < 10 eV) and moderate densities (1 to 10 g/cc), hydrodynamics simulations of cryogenic ICF implosions using the FPEOS table and the Kerley03 table have resulted in similar results for the peak density, areal density (ρR), and neutron yield, which are significantly different from the SESAME simulations.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":null,"is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex+arxiv","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"doi:10.1103/physreve.106.025201","kind":"article","title":"Design of an inertial fusion experiment exceeding the Lawson criterion for ignition","authors":["A. L. Kritcher","Alex B. Zylstra","Debra A. Callahan","O. A. Hurricane","Christopher R. Weber","Daniel S. Clark","Christopher V. Young","J. E. Ralph","D. T. Casey","Arthur E. Pak","Otto L. Landen","B. Bachmann","K. L. Baker","Laura Berzak Hopkins","Suhas D. Bhandarkar","J. Biener","R. M. Bionta","N. Birge","T. Braun","Travis M. Briggs","Peter M. Celliers","H. Chen","C. Choate","L. Divol","T. Döppner"],"author_count":79,"year":2022,"published":"2022-08-08","venue":"Physical review. E","cited_by":187,"doi":"10.1103/physreve.106.025201","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.106.025201","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1103/physreve.106.025201","updated":null,"pmid":"36110025","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W4294990319","pdf_url":"http://link.aps.org/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevE.106.025201","abstract":"We present the design of the first igniting fusion plasma in the laboratory by Lawson's criterion that produced 1.37 MJ of fusion energy, Hybrid-E experiment N210808 (August 8, 2021) [Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 075001 (2022)10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.075001]. This design uses the indirect drive inertial confinement fusion approach to heat and compress a central \"hot spot\" of deuterium-tritium (DT) fuel using a surrounding dense DT fuel piston. Ignition occurs when the heating from absorption of α particles created in the fusion process overcomes the loss mechanisms in the system for a duration of time. This letter describes key design changes which enabled a ∼3-6× increase in an ignition figure of merit (generalized Lawson criterion) [Phys. Plasmas 28, 022704 (2021)1070-664X10.1063/5.0035583, Phys. Plasmas 25, 122704 (2018)1070-664X10.1063/1.5049595]) and an eightfold increase in fusion energy output compared to predecessor experiments. We present simulations of the hot-spot conditions for experiment N210808 that show fundamentally different behavior compared to predecessor experiments and simulated metrics that are consistent with N210808 reaching for the first time in the laboratory \"ignition.\"","abstract_license":"CC-BY (publisher license, via OpenAlex)","license":"cc-by","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Abstract of \"Design of an inertial fusion experiment exceeding the Lawson criterion for ignition\" by A. L. Kritcher, Alex B. Zylstra, Debra A. Callahan et al., https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.106.025201, used under its Creative Commons Attribution license (CC-BY); markup removed, otherwise unmodified."},{"id":"doi:10.1103/physrevlett.112.055001","kind":"article","title":"High-Adiabat High-Foot Inertial Confinement Fusion Implosion Experiments on the National Ignition Facility","authors":["H.‐S. Park","O. A. Hurricane","Debra A. Callahan","D. T. Casey","E. L. Dewald","Thomas R. Dittrich","T. Döppner","Denise E. Hinkel","Laura Berzak Hopkins","S. Le Pape","Tammy Ma","Pravesh K. Patel","Bruce A. Remington","H. F. Robey","JAY D. SALMONSON","John L. Kline"],"author_count":16,"year":2014,"published":"2014-02-05","venue":"Physical Review Letters","cited_by":225,"doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.112.055001","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.112.055001","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1103/physrevlett.112.055001","updated":null,"pmid":"24580603","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2060449550","pdf_url":null,"abstract":null,"abstract_license":null,"license":null,"is_open_access":false,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Metadata and citation counts: OpenAlex (CC0)."},{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.4943527","kind":"article","title":"Three-dimensional simulations of low foot and high foot implosion experiments on the National Ignition Facility","authors":["Daniel S. Clark","Christopher R. Weber","Jose L. Milovich","JAY D. SALMONSON","A. L. Kritcher","Steven W. Haan","Bruce A. Hammel","Denise E. Hinkel","O. A. Hurricane","Ogden S. Jones","M. M. Marinak","Pravesh K. Patel","H. F. Robey","Scott M. Sepke","M. J. Edwards"],"author_count":15,"year":2016,"published":"2016-03-14","venue":"Physics of Plasmas","cited_by":205,"doi":"10.1063/1.4943527","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4943527","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1063/1.4943527","updated":null,"pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2297612214","pdf_url":null,"abstract":null,"abstract_license":null,"license":null,"is_open_access":false,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Metadata and citation counts: OpenAlex (CC0)."},{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41467-019-13574-8","kind":"article","title":"Direct observation of imploded core heating via fast electrons with super-penetration scheme","authors":["Tao Gong","H. Habara","K. Sumioka","M. Yoshimoto","Y. Hayashi","S. Kawazu","T. Otsuki","Toshikazu Matsumoto","Takumi Minami","K. Abe","K. Aizawa","Yuya Enmei","Yasuhiko Fujita","A. Ikegami","Hiroki Makiyama","K. Okazaki","Keiji Okida","T. Tsukamoto","Yasunobu Arikawa","Shinsuke Fujioka","Y. Iwasa","Seungho Lee","Hideo Nagatomo","H. Shiraga","Kohei Yamanoi"],"author_count":27,"year":2019,"published":"2019-12-09","venue":"Nature Communications","cited_by":199,"doi":"10.1038/s41467-019-13574-8","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13574-8","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1038/s41467-019-13574-8","updated":null,"pmid":"31819056","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2993372100","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-13574-8.pdf","abstract":"Fast ignition (FI) is a promising approach for high-energy-gain inertial confinement fusion in the laboratory. To achieve ignition, the energy of a short-pulse laser is required to be delivered efficiently to the pre-compressed fuel core via a high-energy electron beam. Therefore, understanding the transport and energy deposition of this electron beam inside the pre-compressed core is the key for FI. Here we report on the direct observation of the electron beam transport and deposition in a compressed core through the stimulated Cu Kα emission in the super-penetration scheme. Simulations reproducing the experimental measurements indicate that, at the time of peak compression, about 1% of the short-pulse energy is coupled to a relatively low-density core with a radius of 70 μm. Analysis with the support of 2D particle-in-cell simulations uncovers the key factors improving this coupling efficiency. Our findings are of critical importance for optimizing FI experiments in a super-penetration scheme.","abstract_license":"CC-BY (publisher license, via OpenAlex)","license":"cc-by","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Abstract of \"Direct observation of imploded core heating via fast electrons with super-penetration scheme\" by Tao Gong, H. Habara, K. Sumioka et al., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13574-8, used under its Creative Commons Attribution license (CC-BY); markup removed, otherwise unmodified."},{"id":"doi:10.1103/physrevlett.112.055002","kind":"article","title":"Design of a High-Foot High-Adiabat ICF Capsule for the National Ignition Facility","authors":["Thomas R. Dittrich","O. A. Hurricane","Debra A. Callahan","E. L. Dewald","T. Döppner","Denise E. Hinkel","Laura Berzak Hopkins","S. Le Pape","Tammy Ma","Jose L. Milovich","J. C. Moreno","Pravesh K. Patel","H.‐S. Park","Bruce A. Remington","JAY D. SALMONSON","John L. Kline"],"author_count":16,"year":2014,"published":"2014-02-05","venue":"Physical Review Letters","cited_by":204,"doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.112.055002","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.112.055002","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1103/physrevlett.112.055002","updated":null,"pmid":"24580604","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2329700336","pdf_url":null,"abstract":null,"abstract_license":null,"license":null,"is_open_access":false,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Metadata and citation counts: OpenAlex (CC0)."},{"id":"arxiv:2607.05738","kind":"article","title":"Hot Spot Evolution Measured by High-Resolution X-Ray Spectroscopy at the National Ignition Facility","authors":["Lan Gao","B. F. Kraus","K. W. Hill","M. B. Schneider","A. Christopherson","B. Bachmann","M. Bitter","P. Efthimion","N. Pablant","R. Betti","C. Thomas","D. Thorn","A. G. MacPhee","S. Khan","R. Kauffman","D. Liedahl","H. Chen","D. Bradley","J. Kilkenny","B. Lahmann","E. Stambulchik","Y. Maron"],"author_count":22,"year":2026,"published":"2026-07-07","venue":"Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 185002 (2022)","cited_by":19,"doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.128.185002","arxiv_id":"2607.05738","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.05738","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:2607.05738","updated":"2026-07-07","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W4229052814","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2607.05738","abstract":"Evolution of the hot spot plasma conditions was measured using high-resolution x-ray spectroscopy at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). The capsules were filled with DD gas with trace levels of Kr, and had either a high-density-carbon (HDC) ablator or a tungsten (W)-doped HDC ablator. Time-resolved measurement of the Kr He$β$ spectra, absolutely calibrated by a simultaneous time-integrated measurement, allows inference of the electron density and temperature through observing Stark broadening and the relative intensities of dielectronic satellites. By matching the calculated hot spot emission using a collisional-radiative code to experimental observations, the hot spot size and areal density are determined. These advanced spectroscopy techniques further reveal the effect of W dopant in the ablator on the hot spot parameters for their improved implosion performance.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":null,"is_open_access":false,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["physics.plasm-ph"],"details":null,"provenance":"arxiv","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"doi:10.1038/nphys3720","kind":"article","title":"Inertially confined fusion plasmas dominated by alpha-particle self-heating","authors":["O. A. Hurricane","Debra A. Callahan","D. T. Casey","E. L. Dewald","Thomas R. Dittrich","T. Döppner","Steven W. Haan","Denise E. Hinkel","Laura Berzak Hopkins","Ogden S. Jones","A. L. Kritcher","S. Le Pape","Tammy Ma","Andrew G. MacPhee","Jose L. Milovich","J. D. Moody","Arthur E. Pak","H.‐S. Park","Pravesh K. Patel","J. E. Ralph","H. F. Robey","J. S. Ross","JAY D. SALMONSON","B. K. Spears","Paul T. Springer"],"author_count":75,"year":2016,"published":"2016-04-11","venue":"Nature Physics","cited_by":185,"doi":"10.1038/nphys3720","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3720","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1038/nphys3720","updated":null,"pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2313450069","pdf_url":null,"abstract":null,"abstract_license":null,"license":null,"is_open_access":false,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Metadata and citation counts: OpenAlex (CC0)."},{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.3380857","kind":"article","title":"Thermonuclear ignition in inertial confinement fusion and comparison with magnetic confinement","authors":["R. Betti","P.-Y. Chang","B. K. Spears","K. S. Anderson","John Edwards","Milad Fatenejad","John D. Lindl","R. L. McCrory","R. Nora","Dov Shvarts"],"author_count":10,"year":2010,"published":"2010-04-23","venue":"Physics of Plasmas","cited_by":187,"doi":"10.1063/1.3380857","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3380857","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1063/1.3380857","updated":null,"pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2019937921","pdf_url":null,"abstract":null,"abstract_license":null,"license":null,"is_open_access":false,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Metadata and citation counts: OpenAlex (CC0)."},{"id":"arxiv:1210.3364","kind":"article","title":"Drive Asymmetry and the Origin of Turbulence in an ICF Implosion","authors":["V. A. Thomas","R. J. Kares"],"author_count":2,"year":2012,"published":"2012-10-11","venue":"Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 075004 (2012)","cited_by":106,"doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.109.075004","arxiv_id":"1210.3364","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1210.3364","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:1210.3364","updated":"2012-10-11","pmid":"23006379","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2008136911","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1210.3364","abstract":"2D and 3D numerical simulations with the adaptive mesh refinement Eulerian radiation-hydrocode RAGE at unprecedented spatial resolution are used to investigate the connection between drive asymmetry and the generation of turbulence in the DT fuel in a simplified inertial-confinement fusion (ICF) implosion. Long-wavelength deviations from spherical symmetry in the pressure drive lead to the generation of coherent vortical structures in the DT gas and it is the three-dimensional instability of these structures that in turn leads to turbulence and mix. The simulations sug-gest that this mechanism may be an additional important source of mix in ICF implosions. Applications to target ignition at the National Ignition Facility are briefly discussed.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":null,"is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["physics.plasm-ph"],"details":null,"provenance":"arxiv+openalex","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"doi:10.1103/physrevlett.112.195001","kind":"article","title":"2D X-Ray Radiography of Imploding Capsules at the National Ignition Facility","authors":["James R. Rygg","Ogden S. Jones","J. E. Field","M. A. Barrios","Laura Robin Benedetti","G. W. Collins","David C. Eder","M. J. Edwards","John L. Kline","Jeremy J. Kroll","Otto L. Landen","Tammy Ma","Arthur E. Pak","J. L. Peterson","Kumar S. Raman","Richard P. J. Town","D. K. Bradley"],"author_count":17,"year":2014,"published":"2014-05-12","venue":"Physical Review Letters","cited_by":185,"doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.112.195001","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.112.195001","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1103/physrevlett.112.195001","updated":null,"pmid":"24877944","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2327922985","pdf_url":null,"abstract":null,"abstract_license":null,"license":null,"is_open_access":false,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Metadata and citation counts: OpenAlex (CC0)."},{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.3592173","kind":"article","title":"The experimental plan for cryogenic layered target implosions on the National Ignition Facility—The inertial confinement approach to fusion","authors":["M. J. Edwards","John D. Lindl","B. K. Spears","Stephen V. Weber","Lawrence J. Atherton","D. L. Bleuel","D. K. Bradley","Debra A. Callahan","C. Cerjan","Daniel S. Clark","G. W. Collins","James E. Fair","Renée T. Fortner","Siegfried Heinz Glenzer","Steven W. Haan","B. A. Hammel","A. V. Hamza","Stephen P. Hatchett","N. Izumi","Barry A. Jacoby","Ogden S. Jones","Joachim Koch","Bernard J. Kozioziemski","Otto L. Landen","Richard A. Lerche"],"author_count":67,"year":2011,"published":"2011-05-01","venue":"Physics of Plasmas","cited_by":181,"doi":"10.1063/1.3592173","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3592173","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1063/1.3592173","updated":null,"pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2069906470","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1959457","abstract":null,"abstract_license":null,"license":null,"is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Metadata and citation counts: OpenAlex (CC0)."},{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.4876618","kind":"article","title":"Improving the hot-spot pressure and demonstrating ignition hydrodynamic equivalence in cryogenic deuterium–tritium implosions on OMEGA","authors":["Valeri N. Goncharov","T. C. Sangster","R. Betti","Thomas R. Boehly","Mark J. Bonino","T. J. B. Collins","Robert S. Craxton","J. A. Delettrez","Dana H. Edgell","Reuben Epstein","R. K. Follett","C. J. Forrest","D. H. Froula","V. Yu. Glebov","David R. Harding","R.J. Henchen","S. X. Hu","Igor V. Igumenshchev","R. Janezic","John H. Kelly","T. J. Kessler","Tanya Z. Kosc","S. J. Loucks","John A. Marozas","Frederic J. Marshall"],"author_count":45,"year":2014,"published":"2014-05-01","venue":"Physics of Plasmas","cited_by":177,"doi":"10.1063/1.4876618","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4876618","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1063/1.4876618","updated":null,"pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W1963648127","pdf_url":null,"abstract":null,"abstract_license":null,"license":null,"is_open_access":false,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Metadata and citation counts: OpenAlex (CC0)."},{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.4871718","kind":"article","title":"Metrics for long wavelength asymmetries in inertial confinement fusion implosions on the National Ignition Facility","authors":["A. L. Kritcher","Richard P. J. Town","D. K. Bradley","Daniel S. Clark","B. K. Spears","Ogden S. Jones","Steven W. Haan","Paul T. Springer","John D. Lindl","R. H. H. Scott","Debra A. Callahan","M. J. Edwards","Otto L. Landen"],"author_count":13,"year":2014,"published":"2014-04-01","venue":"Physics of Plasmas","cited_by":170,"doi":"10.1063/1.4871718","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4871718","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1063/1.4871718","updated":null,"pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2076456778","pdf_url":null,"abstract":null,"abstract_license":null,"license":null,"is_open_access":false,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Metadata and citation counts: OpenAlex (CC0)."}],"next":"https://space-kitty.com/api/v1/topics/inertial-fusion/papers?sort=top&limit=25&offset=25"}