{"topic":"topological-superconductivity","sort":"top","limit":25,"offset":0,"count":25,"papers":[{"id":"arxiv:1501.02813","kind":"article","title":"Majorana Zero Modes and Topological Quantum Computation","authors":["Sankar Das Sarma","Michael Freedman","Chetan Nayak"],"author_count":3,"year":2015,"published":"2015-01-12","venue":"npj Quantum Information 1, 15001 (2015)","cited_by":1183,"doi":"10.1038/npjqi.2015.1","arxiv_id":"1501.02813","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1501.02813","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:1501.02813","updated":"2015-05-14","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W1571552325","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1501.02813","abstract":"We provide a current perspective on the rapidly developing field of Majorana zero modes in solid state systems. We emphasize the theoretical prediction, experimental realization, and potential use of Majorana zero modes in future information processing devices through braiding-based topological quantum computation. Well-separated Majorana zero modes should manifest non-Abelian braiding statistics suitable for unitary gate operations for topological quantum computation. Recent experimental work, following earlier theoretical predictions, has shown specific signatures consistent with the existence of Majorana modes localized at the ends of semiconductor nanowires in the presence of superconducting proximity effect. We discuss the experimental findings and their theoretical analyses, and provide a perspective on the extent to which the observations indicate the existence of anyonic Majorana zero modes in solid state systems. We also discuss fractional quantum Hall systems (the 5/2 state) in this context. We describe proposed schemes for carrying out braiding with Majorana zero modes as well as the necessary steps for implementing topological quantum computation.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":"cc-by","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["cond-mat.str-el","cond-mat.mes-hall"],"details":null,"provenance":"arxiv+openalex","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"arxiv:1707.04899","kind":"review","title":"Realizing Majorana zero modes in superconductor-semiconductor heterostructures","authors":["R. M. Lutchyn","E. P. A. M. Bakkers","L. P. Kouwenhoven","P. Krogstrup","C. M. Marcus","Y. Oreg"],"author_count":6,"year":2017,"published":"2017-07-16","venue":"Nat Rev Mater 3, 52 - 68 (2018)","cited_by":1087,"doi":"10.1038/s41578-018-0003-1","arxiv_id":"1707.04899","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1707.04899","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:1707.04899","updated":"2018-02-24","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2738796814","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1707.04899","abstract":"Realizing topological superconductivity and Majorana zero modes in the laboratory is one of the major goals in condensed matter physics. We review the current status of this rapidly-developing field, focusing on semiconductor-superconductor proposals for topological superconductivity. Material science progress and robust signatures of Majorana zero modes in recent experiments are discussed. After a brief introduction to the subject, we outline several next-generation experiments probing exotic properties of Majorana zero modes, including fusion rules and non-Abelian exchange statistics. Finally, we discuss prospects for implementing Majorana-based topological quantum computation in these systems.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":null,"is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["cond-mat.supr-con","cond-mat.mes-hall","cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"details":null,"provenance":"arxiv+openalex","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"arxiv:1603.03217","kind":"article","title":"Exponential protection of zero modes in Majorana islands","authors":["S. M. Albrecht","Andrew P. Higginbotham","Morten Hannibal Madsen","Ferdinand Kuemmeth","Thomas Sand Jespersen","Jesper Nygård","Peter Krogstrup","Charles M. Marcus"],"author_count":8,"year":2016,"published":"2016-03-01","venue":"Nature","cited_by":1072,"doi":"10.1038/nature17162","arxiv_id":"1603.03217","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17162","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:1603.03217","updated":"2016-03-10","pmid":"26961654","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2294496489","pdf_url":"https://epub.uni-regensburg.de/79145/1/1603.03217v1.pdf","abstract":"Majorana zero modes are quasiparticle excitations in condensed matter systems that have been proposed as building blocks of fault-tolerant quantum computers [1]. They are expected to exhibit non-Abelian particle statistics, in contrast to the usual statistics of fermions and bosons, enabling quantum operations to be performed by braiding isolated modes around one another. Quantum braiding operations are topologically protected insofar as these modes are pinned near zero energy, and the pinning is predicted to be exponential as the modes become spatially separated. Following theoretical proposals, several experiments have identified signatures of Majorana modes in proximitized nanowires and atomic chains, with small mode-splitting potentially explained by hybridization of Majoranas. Here, we use Coulomb-blockade spectroscopy in an InAs nanowire segment with epitaxial aluminum, which forms a proximity-induced superconducting Coulomb island (a Majorana island) that is isolated from normal-metal leads by tunnel barriers, to measure the splitting of near-zero-energy Majorana modes. We observe exponential suppression of energy splitting with increasing wire length. For short devices of a few hundred nanometers, sub-gap state energies oscillate as the magnetic field is varied, as is expected for hybridized Majorana modes. Splitting decreases by a factor of about ten for each half micrometer of increased wire length. For devices longer than about one micrometer, transport in strong magnetic fields occurs through a zero-energy state that is energetically isolated from a continuum, yielding uniformly spaced Coulomb-blockade conductance peaks, consistent with teleportation via Majorana modes. Our results help explain the trivial-to-topological transition in finite systems and to quantify the scaling of topological protection with end-mode separation.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":null,"is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Topological Materials and Phenomena"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex+arxiv","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"arxiv:1303.2407","kind":"article","title":"Superconductor-nanowire devices from tunneling to the multichannel regime: Zero-bias oscillations and magnetoconductance crossover","authors":["Hugh Churchill","Valla Fatemi","Kasper Grove‐Rasmussen","M. T. Deng","Philippe Caroff","H. Q. Xu","Charles M. Marcus"],"author_count":7,"year":2013,"published":"2013-06-06","venue":"Physical Review B","cited_by":773,"doi":"10.1103/physrevb.87.241401","arxiv_id":"1303.2407","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.87.241401","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:1303.2407","updated":"2013-03-11","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2088300719","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1303.2407","abstract":"We present transport measurements in superconductor-nanowire devices with a gated constriction forming a quantum point contact. Zero-bias features in tunneling spectroscopy appear at finite magnetic fields, and oscillate in amplitude and split away from zero bias as a function of magnetic field and gate voltage. A crossover in magnetoconductance is observed: Magnetic fields above ~ 0.5 T enhance conductance in the low-conductance (tunneling) regime but suppress conductance in the high-conductance (multichannel) regime. We consider these results in the context of Majorana zero modes as well as alternatives, including Kondo effect and analogs of 0.7 structure in a disordered nanowire.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":null,"is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Quantum and electron transport phenomena"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex+arxiv","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"arxiv:1911.04512","kind":"review","title":"From Andreev to Majorana bound states in hybrid superconductor–semiconductor nanowires","authors":["Elsa Prada","Pablo San-José","Michiel W. A. de Moor","Attila Geresdi","Eduardo J. H. Lee","Jelena Klinovaja","Daniel Loss","Jesper Nygård","Ramón Aguado","Leo P. Kouwenhoven"],"author_count":10,"year":2020,"published":"2020-09-22","venue":"Nature Reviews Physics","cited_by":497,"doi":"10.1038/s42254-020-0228-y","arxiv_id":"1911.04512","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42254-020-0228-y","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:1911.04512","updated":"2020-10-04","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2985980214","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42254-020-0228-y.pdf","abstract":"Electronic excitations above the ground state must overcome an energy gap in superconductors with spatially-homogeneous s-wave pairing. In contrast, inhomogeneous superconductors such as those with magnetic impurities or weak links, or heterojunctions containing normal metals or quantum dots, can host subgap electronic excitations that are generically known as Andreev bound states (ABSs). With the advent of topological superconductivity, a new kind of ABS with exotic qualities, known as Majorana bound state (MBS), has been discovered. We review the main properties of ABSs and MBSs, and the state-of-the-art techniques for their detection. We focus on hybrid superconductor-semiconductor nanowires, possibly coupled to quantum dots, as one of the most flexible and promising experimental platforms. We discuss how the combined effect of spin-orbit coupling and Zeeman field in these wires triggers the transition from ABSs into MBSs. We show theoretical progress beyond minimal models in understanding experiments, including the possibility of different types of robust zero modes that may emerge without a band-topological transition. We examine the role of spatial non-locality, a special property of MBS wavefunctions that, together with non-Abelian braiding, is the key to realizing topological quantum computation.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":null,"is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Topological Materials and Phenomena"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex+arxiv","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"arxiv:1206.1276","kind":"article","title":"Zero-bias peaks in spin-orbit coupled superconducting wires with and without Majorana end-states","authors":["Jie Liu","Andrew C. Potter","K. T. Law","Patrick A. Lee"],"author_count":4,"year":2012,"published":"2012-06-06","venue":"Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 267002 (2012)","cited_by":481,"doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.109.267002","arxiv_id":"1206.1276","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1206.1276","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:1206.1276","updated":"2012-06-06","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W1487179853","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1206.1276","abstract":"One of the simplest proposed experimental probes of a Majorana bound-state is a quantized (2e^2/h) value of zero-bias tunneling conductance. When temperature is somewhat larger than the intrinsic width of the Majorana peak, conductance is no longer quantized, but a zero-bias peak can remain. Such a non-quantized zero-bias peak has been recently reported for semiconducting nanowires with proximity induced superconductivity. In this paper we analyze the relation of the zero-bias peak to the presence of Majorana end-states, by simulating the tunneling conductance for multi-band wires with realistic amounts of disorder. We show that this system generically exhibits a (non-quantized) zero-bias peak even when the wire is topologically trivial and does not possess Majorana end-states. We make comparisons to recent experiments, and discuss the necessary requirements for confirming the existence of a Majorana state.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":null,"is_open_access":false,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["cond-mat.mes-hall","cond-mat.supr-con"],"details":null,"provenance":"arxiv","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"arxiv:1006.2829","kind":"article","title":"Non-Abelian quantum order in spin-orbit-coupled semiconductors: Search for topological Majorana particles in solid-state systems","authors":["Jay Deep Sau","Sumanta Tewari","Roman M. Lutchyn","Tudor D. Stanescu","S. Das Sarma"],"author_count":5,"year":2010,"published":"2010-12-09","venue":"Physical Review B","cited_by":492,"doi":"10.1103/physrevb.82.214509","arxiv_id":"1006.2829","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.82.214509","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:1006.2829","updated":"2010-06-30","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2130869317","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1006.2829","abstract":"We show that an ordinary semiconducting thin film with spin-orbit coupling can, under ap- propriate circumstances, be in a quantum topologically ordered state supporting exotic Majorana excitations which follow non-Abelian statistics. The key to the quantum topological order is the coexistence of spin-orbit coupling with proximity-induced s-wave superconductivity and an externally-induced Zeeman coupling of the spins. For the Zeeman coupling below a critical value, the system is a non-topological (proximity-induced) s-wave superconductor. However, for a range of Zeeman coupling above the critical value, the lowest energy excited state inside a vortex is a zero-energy Majorana fermion state. The system, thus, has entered into a non-Abelian s-wave superconducting state via a topological quantum phase transition (TQPT) tuned by the Zeeman coupling. In the one-dimensional version of the same structure and for the Zeeman coupling above the critical value, there are localized Majorana zero-energy modes at the two ends of a semiconducting quantum nanowire. In this case, the Zeeman coupling can be induced more easily by an external magnetic field parallel to the wire, obviating the need for a magnetic insulator. We show that, despite the fact that the superconducting pair potential in the nanowire is explicitly s-wave, tunneling of electrons to the ends of the wire reveals a pronounced zero-bias peak. Such a peak is absent when the Zeeman coupling is below its critical value, i.e., the nanowire is in the non-topological s-wave superconducting state. We argue that the observation of this zero-bias tunneling peak in the semiconductor nanowire is possibly the simplest and clearest experiment proposed so far to unambiguously detect a Majorana fermion mode in a condensed matter system.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":null,"is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Topological Materials and Phenomena"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex+arxiv","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"arxiv:1302.5433","kind":"article","title":"Majorana fermions in semiconductor nanowires: fundamentals, modeling, and experiment","authors":["Tudor D. Stanescu","Sumanta Tewari"],"author_count":2,"year":2013,"published":"2013-05-10","venue":"Journal of Physics Condensed Matter","cited_by":468,"doi":"10.1088/0953-8984/25/23/233201","arxiv_id":"1302.5433","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/25/23/233201","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:1302.5433","updated":"2013-05-11","pmid":"23665894","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2167838187","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1302.5433","abstract":"After a recent series of rapid and exciting developments, the long search for the Majorana fermion - the elusive quantum entity at the border between particles and antiparticles - has produced the first positive experimental results, but is not over yet. Originally proposed by E. Majorana in the context of particle physics, Majorana fermions have a condensed matter analog in the zero-energy bound states emerging in topological superconductors. A promising route to engineering topological superconductors capable of hosting Majorana zero modes consists of proximity coupling semiconductor thin films or nanowires with strong spin-orbit interaction to conventional s-wave superconductors in the presence of an external Zeeman field. The Majorana zero mode is predicted to emerge above a certain critical Zeeman field as a zero-energy state localized near the order parameter defects, viz., vortices for thin films and wire-ends for the nanowire. These Majorana bound states are expected to manifest non--Abelian quantum statistics, which makes them ideal building blocks for fault--tolerant topological quantum computation. This review provides an update on current status of the search for Majorana fermions in semiconductor nanowires by focusing on the recent developments, in particular the period following the first reports of experimental signatures consistent with the realization of Majorana bound states in semiconductor nanowire--superconductor hybrid structures. We start with a discussion of the fundamental aspects of the subject, followed by considerations on the realistic modeling which is a critical bridge between theoretical predictions based on idealized conditions and the real world, as probed experimentally. The last part is dedicated to a few intriguing issues that were brought to the fore by the recent encouraging experimental advances.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":null,"is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Topological Materials and Phenomena"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex+arxiv","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"arxiv:1106.3078","kind":"article","title":"Majorana Fermions in Semiconductor Nanowires","authors":["Tudor Stanescu","Roman M. Lutchyn","S. Das Sarma"],"author_count":3,"year":2011,"published":"2011-06-15","venue":"Phys. Rev. B 84, 144522 (2011)","cited_by":405,"doi":"10.1103/physrevb.84.144522","arxiv_id":"1106.3078","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1106.3078","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:1106.3078","updated":"2011-11-16","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2040822187","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1106.3078","abstract":"We study multiband semiconducting nanowires proximity-coupled with an s-wave superconductor and calculate the topological phase diagram as a function of the chemical potential and magnetic field. The non-trivial topological state corresponds to a superconducting phase supporting an odd number of pairs of Majorana modes localized at the ends of the wire, whereas the non-topological state corresponds to a superconducting phase with no Majoranas or with an even number of pairs of Majorana modes. Our key finding is that multiband occupancy not only lifts the stringent constraint of one-dimensionality, but also allows having higher carrier density in the nanowire. Consequently, multiband nanowires are better-suited for stabilizing the topological superconducting phase and for observing the Majorana physics. We present a detailed study of the parameter space for multiband semiconductor nanowires focusing on understanding the key experimental conditions required for the realization and detection of Majorana fermions in solid-state systems. We include various sources of disorder and characterize their effects on the stability of the topological phase. Finally, we calculate the local density of states as well as the differential tunneling conductance as functions of external parameters and predict the experimental signatures that would establish the existence of emergent Majorana zero-energy modes in solid-state systems.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":null,"is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["cond-mat.supr-con","cond-mat.mes-hall","cond-mat.str-el"],"details":null,"provenance":"arxiv+openalex","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"arxiv:1603.04069","kind":"article","title":"Ballistic Majorana nanowire devices","authors":["Önder Gül","Hao Zhang","Jouri D. S. Bommer","Michiel W. A. de Moor","Diana Car","Sébastien R. Plissard","Erik P. A. M. Bakkers","Attila Geresdi","Kenji Watanabe","Takashi Taniguchi","Leo P. Kouwenhoven"],"author_count":11,"year":2016,"published":"2016-03-13","venue":"Nature Nanotechnology (2018)","cited_by":351,"doi":"10.1038/s41565-017-0032-8","arxiv_id":"1603.04069","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1603.04069","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:1603.04069","updated":"2021-04-26","pmid":"29335565","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2301490063","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1603.04069","abstract":"Majorana modes are zero-energy excitations of a topological superconductor that exhibit non-Abelian statistics. Following proposals for their detection in a semiconductor nanowire coupled to an s-wave superconductor, several tunneling experiments reported characteristic Majorana signatures. Reducing disorder has been a prime challenge for these experiments because disorder can mimic the zero-energy signatures of Majoranas, and renders the topological properties inaccessible. Here, we show characteristic Majorana signatures in InSb nanowire devices exhibiting clear ballistic transport properties. Application of a magnetic field and spatial control of carrier density using local gates generates a zero bias peak that is rigid over a large region in the parameter space of chemical potential, Zeeman energy, and tunnel barrier potential. The reduction of disorder allows us to resolve separate regions in the parameter space with and without a zero bias peak, indicating topologically distinct phases. These observations are consistent with the Majorana theory in a ballistic system, and exclude for the first time the known alternative explanations that invoke disorder or a nonuniform chemical potential.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":null,"is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["cond-mat.mes-hall"],"details":null,"provenance":"arxiv+openalex","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"arxiv:1910.11413","kind":"article","title":"Physical mechanisms for zero-bias conductance peaks in Majorana nanowires","authors":["Haining Pan","S. Das Sarma"],"author_count":2,"year":2019,"published":"2019-10-24","venue":"Phys. Rev. Research 2, 013377 (2020)","cited_by":243,"doi":"10.1103/physrevresearch.2.013377","arxiv_id":"1910.11413","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.11413","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:1910.11413","updated":"2020-04-02","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W3014214834","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.11413","abstract":"Motivated by the need to understand and simulate the ubiquitous experimentally-observed zero-bias conductance peaks in superconductor-semiconductor hybrid structures, we theoretically investigate the tunneling conductance spectra in one-dimensional nanowires in proximity to superconductors in a systematic manner taking into account several different physical mechanisms producing zero-bias conductance peaks. The mechanisms we consider are the presence of quantum dots, inhomogeneous potential, random disorder in the chemical potential, random fluctuations in the superconducting gap, and in the effective $g$ factor with the self-energy renormalization induced by the parent superconductor in both short ($L\\sim1~μ$m) and long nanowires ($L\\sim3~μ$m). We classify all foregoing theoretical results for zero-bias conductance peaks into three types: the good, the bad, and the ugly, according to the physical mechanisms producing the zero-bias peaks and their topological properties. We find that, although the topological Majorana zero modes are immune to weak disorder, strong disorder (ugly) completely suppresses topological superconductivity and generically leads to trivial zero bias peaks. Compared qualitatively with the extensive existing experimental results in the superconductor-semiconductor nanowire structures, we conclude that most current experiments are likely exploring trivial zero-bias peaks in the ugly situation dominated by strong disorder. We also study the nonlocal end-to-end correlation measurement in both the short and long wires, and point out the limitation of the nonlocal correlation in ascertaining topological properties particularly when applied to short wires. The goal of the work is to establish with a very high confidence level the real physical possibility that essentially all experimentally observed zero bias peaks in Majorana nanowires are most likely ugly.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":"cc-by","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["cond-mat.mes-hall"],"details":null,"provenance":"arxiv+openalex","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"arxiv:1211.0539","kind":"article","title":"Splitting of the zero-bias conductance peak as smoking gun evidence for the existence of the Majorana mode in a superconductor-semiconductor nanowire","authors":["S. Das Sarma","Jay Deep Sau","Tudor D. Stanescu"],"author_count":3,"year":2012,"published":"2012-12-21","venue":"Physical Review B","cited_by":313,"doi":"10.1103/physrevb.86.220506","arxiv_id":"1211.0539","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.86.220506","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:1211.0539","updated":"2012-11-02","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W1617901392","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1211.0539","abstract":"Recent observations of a zero bias conductance peak in tunneling transport measurements in superconductor--semiconductor nanowire devices provide evidence for the predicted zero--energy Majorana modes, but not the conclusive proof for their existence. We establish that direct observation of a splitting of the zero bias conductance peak can serve as the smoking gun evidence for the existence of the Majorana mode. We show that the splitting has an oscillatory dependence on the Zeeman field (chemical potential) at fixed chemical potential (Zeeman field). By contrast, when the density is constant rather than the chemical potential -- the likely situation in the current experimental set-ups -- the splitting oscillations are generically suppressed. Our theory predicts the conditions under which the splitting oscillations can serve as the smoking gun for the experimental confirmation of the elusive Majorana mode.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":null,"is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Topological Materials and Phenomena"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex+arxiv","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"arxiv:1206.6687","kind":"article","title":"A zero-voltage conductance peak from weak antilocalization in a Majorana nanowire","authors":["Dmitry I. Pikulin","Jan P. Dahlhaus","Michael Wimmer","Henning Schomerus","C. W. J. Beenakker"],"author_count":5,"year":2012,"published":"2012-12-18","venue":"New Journal of Physics","cited_by":308,"doi":"10.1088/1367-2630/14/12/125011","arxiv_id":"1206.6687","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/14/12/125011","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:1206.6687","updated":"2014-02-19","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2114682250","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1367-2630/14/12/125011/pdf","abstract":"We show that weak antilocalization by disorder competes with resonant Andreev reflection from a Majorana zero-mode to produce a zero-voltage conductance peak of order e^2/h in a superconducting nanowire. The phase conjugation needed for quantum interference to survive a disorder average is provided by particle-hole symmetry - in the absence of time-reversal symmetry and without requiring a topologically nontrivial phase. We identify methods to distinguish the Majorana resonance from the weak antilocalization effect.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":"cc-by-nc-sa","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Topological Materials and Phenomena"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex+arxiv","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"arxiv:1107.4338","kind":"article","title":"Detecting a Majorana-fermion zero mode using a quantum dot","authors":["Dong E. Liu","Harold U. Baranger"],"author_count":2,"year":2011,"published":"2011-11-16","venue":"Physical Review B","cited_by":294,"doi":"10.1103/physrevb.84.201308","arxiv_id":"1107.4338","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.84.201308","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:1107.4338","updated":"2011-11-21","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2013833297","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1107.4338","abstract":"We propose an experimental setup for detecting a Majorana zero mode consisting of a spinless quantum dot coupled to the end of a p-wave superconducting nanowire. The Majorana bound state at the end of the wire strongly influences the conductance through the quantum dot: Driving the wire through the topological phase transition causes a sharp jump in the conductance by a factor of 1/2. In the topological phase, the zero temperature peak value of the dot conductance (i.e. when the dot is on resonance and symmetrically coupled to the leads) is e^2/2h. In contrast, if the wire is in its trivial phase, the conductance peak value is e^2/h, or if a regular fermionic zero mode occurs on the end of the wire, the conductance is 0. The system can also be used to tune Flensberg's qubit system [PRL 106, 090503 (2011)] to the required degeneracy point.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":null,"is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Topological Materials and Phenomena"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex+arxiv","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"arxiv:1111.6592","kind":"article","title":"Topological Invariants for Spin-Orbit Coupled Superconductor Nanowires","authors":["Sumanta Tewari","Jay Deep Sau"],"author_count":2,"year":2012,"published":"2012-10-10","venue":"Physical Review Letters","cited_by":288,"doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.109.150408","arxiv_id":"1111.6592","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.109.150408","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:1111.6592","updated":"2012-02-16","pmid":"23102284","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2056902350","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1111.6592","abstract":"We show that a spin-orbit coupled semiconductor nanowire with Zeeman splitting and s-wave superconductivity is in symmetry class BDI (not D as is commonly thought) of the topological classification of band Hamiltonians. The class BDI allows for an integer Z topological invariant equal to the number of Majorana fermion (MF) modes at each end of the quantum wire protected by the chirality symmetry (reality of the Hamiltonian). Thus it is possible for this system (and all other d=1 models related to it by symmetry) to have an arbitrary integer number, not just 0 or 1 as is commonly assumed, of MFs localized at each end of the wire. The integer counting the number of MFs at each end reduces to 0 or 1, and the class BDI reduces to D, in the presence of terms in the Hamiltonian that break the chirality symmetry.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":null,"is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Topological Materials and Phenomena"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex+arxiv","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"arxiv:2008.02348","kind":"article","title":"Nontopological zero-bias peaks in full-shell nanowires induced by flux tunable Andreev states","authors":["Marco Valentini","Fernando Peñaranda","Andrea Hofmann","Matthias Brauns","Robert Hauschild","Peter Krogstrup","Pablo San-Jose","Elsa Prada","Ramón Aguado","Georgios Katsaros"],"author_count":10,"year":2020,"published":"2020-08-05","venue":"Science 373, 82-88 (2021)","cited_by":134,"doi":"10.1126/science.abf1513","arxiv_id":"2008.02348","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2008.02348","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:2008.02348","updated":"2021-08-10","pmid":"34210881","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W3092252743","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.02348","abstract":"A semiconducting nanowire fully wrapped by a superconducting shell has been proposed as a platform for obtaining Majorana modes at small magnetic fields. In this study, we demonstrate that the appearance of subgap states in such structures is actually governed by the junction region in tunneling spectroscopy measurements, and not the full-shell nanowire itself. Short tunneling regions never show subgap states, whereas longer junctions always do. This can be understood in terms of quantum dots forming in the junction and hosting Andreev levels in the Yu-Shiba-Rusinov regime. The intricate magnetic field dependence of the Andreev levels, through both the Zeeman and Little-Parks effects, may result in robust zero-bias peaks, features that could be easily misinterpreted as originating from Majorana zero modes, but are unrelated to topological superconductivity.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":null,"is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["cond-mat.mes-hall"],"details":null,"provenance":"arxiv+openalex","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"arxiv:1409.7306","kind":"article","title":"Majorana bound states from exceptional points in non-topological superconductors","authors":["Pablo San-José","Jorge Cayao","Elsa Prada","Ramón Aguado"],"author_count":4,"year":2016,"published":"2016-02-11","venue":"Scientific Reports","cited_by":258,"doi":"10.1038/srep21427","arxiv_id":"1409.7306","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep21427","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:1409.7306","updated":"2016-03-04","pmid":"26865011","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W1862890404","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/srep21427.pdf","abstract":"Recent experimental efforts towards the detection of Majorana bound states have focused on creating the conditions for topological superconductivity. Here we demonstrate an alternative route, which achieves fully localised zero-energy Majorana bound states when a topologically trivial superconductor is strongly coupled to a helical normal region. Such a junction can be experimentally realised by e.g. proximitizing a finite section of a nanowire with spin-orbit coupling, and combining electrostatic depletion and a Zeeman field to drive the non-proximitized (normal) portion into a helical phase. Majorana zero modes emerge in such an open system without fine-tuning as a result of charge-conjugation symmetry, and can be ultimately linked to the existence of `exceptional points' (EPs) in parameter space, where two quasibound Andreev levels bifurcate into two quasibound Majorana zero modes. After the EP, one of the latter becomes non-decaying as the junction approaches perfect Andreev reflection, thus resulting in a Majorana dark state (MDS) localised at the NS junction. We show that MDSs exhibit the full range of properties associated to conventional closed-system Majorana bound states (zero-energy, self-conjugation, $4π$-Josephson effect and non-Abelian braiding statistics), while not requiring topological superconductivity.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":"cc-by","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Topological Materials and Phenomena"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex+arxiv","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08445-2","kind":"article","title":"Interferometric single-shot parity measurement in InAs–Al hybrid devices","authors":["Microsoft Azure Quantum","Morteza Aghaee","Alejandro Alcaraz Ramirez","Zulfi Alam","Rizwan Ali","Mariusz Andrzejczuk","Andrey E. Antipov","Mikhail A. Astafev","Amin Barzegar","Bela Bauer","Jonathan Becker","Umesh Kumar Bhaskar","Alex Bocharov","Srini Boddapati","David Bohn","Jouri D. S. Bommer","L. Bourdet","A. Bousquet","Samuel Boutin","Lucas Casparis","Benjamin J. Chapman","Sohail Chatoor","Anna Wulff Christensen","Cassandra Chua","Patrick Codd"],"author_count":100,"year":2025,"published":"2025-02-19","venue":"Nature","cited_by":157,"doi":"10.1038/s41586-024-08445-2","arxiv_id":null,"nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08445-2","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08445-2","updated":null,"pmid":"39972225","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W4407722127","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08445-2.pdf","abstract":null,"abstract_license":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Topological Materials and Phenomena"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex","attribution":"Metadata and citation counts: OpenAlex (CC0)."},{"id":"arxiv:1807.01278","kind":"article","title":"Robust and Clean Majorana Zero Mode in the Vortex Core of High-Temperature Superconductor (Li0.84Fe0.16)OHFeSe","authors":["Qin Liu","Chen Chen","Tong Zhang","Rui Peng","Ya-Jun Yan","Chen-Hao-Ping Wen","Xia Lou","Yu-Long Huang","Jin-Peng Tian","Xiao-Li Dong","Guang-Wei Wang","Wei-Cheng Bao","Qiang-Hua Wang","Zhi-Ping Yin","Zhong-Xian Zhao","D. L. Feng"],"author_count":16,"year":2018,"published":"2018-12-28","venue":"Physical Review X","cited_by":244,"doi":"10.1103/physrevx.8.041056","arxiv_id":"1807.01278","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.8.041056","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:1807.01278","updated":"2018-12-17","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2811511128","pdf_url":"http://link.aps.org/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevX.8.041056","abstract":"The Majorana fermion, which is its own anti-particle and obeys non-abelian statistics, plays a critical role in topological quantum computing. It can be realized as a bound state at zero energy, called a Majorana zero mode (MZM), in the vortex core of a topological superconductor, or at the ends of a nanowire when both superconductivity and strong spin orbital coupling are present. A MZM can be detected as a zero-bias conductance peak (ZBCP) in tunneling spectroscopy. However, in practice, clean and robust MZMs have not been realized in the vortices of a superconductor, due to contamination from impurity states or other closely-packed Caroli-de Gennes-Matricon (CdGM) states, which hampers further manipulations of Majorana fermions. Here using scanning tunneling spectroscopy, we show that a ZBCP well separated from the other discrete CdGM states exists ubiquitously in the cores of free vortices in the defect free regions of (Li0.84Fe0.16)OHFeSe, which has a superconducting transition temperature of 42 K. Moreover, a Dirac-cone-type surface state is observed by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, and its topological nature is confirmed by band calculations. The observed ZBCP can be naturally attributed to a MZM arising from this chiral topological surface states of a bulk superconductor. (Li0.84Fe0.16)OHFeSe thus provides an ideal platform for studying MZMs and topological quantum computing.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":"cc-by","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Topological Materials and Phenomena"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex+arxiv","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"arxiv:1712.03536","kind":"article","title":"Nonlocality of Majorana modes in hybrid nanowires","authors":["Mingtang Deng","S. Vaitiekėnas","Elsa Prada","Pablo San-José","Jesper Nygård","Peter Krogstrup","Ramón Aguado","Charles M. Marcus"],"author_count":8,"year":2018,"published":"2018-08-13","venue":"Physical review. B./Physical review. B","cited_by":244,"doi":"10.1103/physrevb.98.085125","arxiv_id":"1712.03536","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.98.085125","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:1712.03536","updated":"2020-04-26","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2771534183","pdf_url":"http://link.aps.org/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevB.98.085125","abstract":"Spatial separation of Majorana zero modes distinguishes trivial from topological midgap states and is key to topological protection in quantum computing applications. Although signatures of Majorana zero modes in tunneling spectroscopy have been reported in numerous studies, a quantitative measure of the degree of separation, or nonlocality, of the emergent zero modes has not been reported. Here, we present results of an experimental study of nonlocality of emergent zero modes in superconductor-semiconductor hybrid nanowire devices. The approach takes advantage of recent theory showing that nonlocality can be measured from splitting due to hybridization of the zero mode in resonance with a quantum dot state at one end of the nanowire. From these splittings as well as anticrossing of the dot states, measured for even and odd occupied quantum dot states, we extract both the degree of nonlocality of the emergent zero mode, as well as the spin canting angles of the nonlocal zero mode. Depending on the device measured, we obtain either a moderate degree of nonlocality, suggesting a partially separated Andreev subgap state, or a highly nonlocal state consistent with a well-developed Majorana mode.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":null,"is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Topological Materials and Phenomena"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex+arxiv","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"arxiv:2103.05628","kind":"article","title":"Disorder-induced zero-bias peaks in Majorana nanowires","authors":["Sankar Das Sarma","Haining Pan"],"author_count":2,"year":2021,"published":"2021-03-09","venue":"Phys. Rev. B 103, 195158 (2021)","cited_by":155,"doi":"10.1103/physrevb.103.195158","arxiv_id":"2103.05628","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.05628","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:2103.05628","updated":"2021-05-28","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W3134103400","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.05628","abstract":"Focusing specifically on the recently retracted Nature 2018 Zhang et al. work [Zhang et al., Nature (2021)] and the related recently available correctly analyzed data from this Delft experiment [Zhang et al., arXiv:2101.11456 (2021)], we discuss the general problem of confirmation bias in experiments verifying various theoretical topological quantization predictions. We show that the Delft Majorana experiment is most likely dominated by disorder, which produces trivial (but quite sharp and large) zero-bias Andreev tunneling peaks with large conductance $ \\sim 2e^2/h $ in the theory, closely mimicking the data. It is possible to misinterpret such disorder-induced zero-bias trivial peaks as the apparent Majorana quantization, as was originally done in 2018 arising from confirmation bias. One characteristic of the disorder-induced trivial peaks is that they manifest little stability as a function of Zeeman field and tunnel barrier, distinguishing their trivial behavior from the expected topological robustness of non-Abelian Majorana zero modes. We also analyze a more recent nanowire experiment [Yu et al., Nature Physics (2021)] which is known to have a huge amount of disorder, showing that such highly disordered nanowires may produce very small above-background trivial peaks with values $ \\sim 2e^2/h $.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":null,"is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["cond-mat.mes-hall"],"details":null,"provenance":"arxiv+openalex","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"arxiv:1703.03699","kind":"article","title":"Zero-Energy Modes from Coalescing Andreev States in a Two-Dimensional Semiconductor-Superconductor Hybrid Platform","authors":["Henri J. Suominen","Morten Kjærgaard","A. R. Hamilton","Javad Shabani","C. J. Palmstrøm","Charles M. Marcus","Fabrizio Nichele"],"author_count":7,"year":2017,"published":"2017-10-26","venue":"Physical Review Letters","cited_by":238,"doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.119.176805","arxiv_id":"1703.03699","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.119.176805","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:1703.03699","updated":"2017-10-27","pmid":"29219474","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2603129378","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1703.03699","abstract":"We investigate zero-bias conductance peaks that arise from coalescing subgap Andreev states, consistent with emerging Majorana zero modes, in hybrid semiconductor-superconductor wires defined in a two-dimensional InAs/Al heterostructure using top-down lithography and gating. The measurements indicate a hard superconducting gap, ballistic tunneling contact, and in-plane critical fields up to $3$~T. Top-down lithography allows complex geometries, branched structures, and straightforward scaling to multicomponent devices compared to structures made from assembled nanowires.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":null,"is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Topological Materials and Phenomena"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex+arxiv","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"arxiv:1407.2131","kind":"article","title":"Random-matrix theory of Majorana fermions and topological superconductors","authors":["C. W. J. Beenakker"],"author_count":1,"year":2014,"published":"2014-07-08","venue":"Rev.Mod.Phys. 87, 1037 (2015)","cited_by":286,"doi":"10.1103/revmodphys.87.1037","arxiv_id":"1407.2131","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1407.2131","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:1407.2131","updated":"2015-04-03","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W1856418741","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1407.2131","abstract":"I. Introduction (What is new in RMT, Superconducting quasiparticles, Experimental platforms) II. Topological superconductivity (Kitaev chain, Majorana operators, Majorana zero-modes, Phase transition beyond mean-field) III. Fundamental symmetries (Particle-hole symmetry, Majorana representation, Time-reversal and chiral symmetry) IV. Hamiltonian ensembles (The ten-fold way, Midgap spectral peak, Energy level repulsion) V. Scattering matrix ensembles (Fundamental symmetries, Chaotic scattering, Circular ensembles, Topological quantum numbers) VI. Electrical conduction (Majorana nanowire, Counting Majorana zero-modes, Conductance distribution, Weak antilocalization, Andreev resonances, Shot noise of Majorana edge modes) VII. Thermal conduction (Topological phase transitions, Super-universality, Heat transport by Majorana edge modes, Thermopower and time-delay matrix, Andreev billiard with chiral symmetry) VIII. Josephson junctions (Fermion parity switches, 4π-periodic Josephson effect, Discrete vortices) IX. Conclusion","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":null,"is_open_access":false,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["cond-mat.mes-hall","cond-mat.supr-con"],"details":null,"provenance":"arxiv","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"arxiv:2306.07696","kind":"article","title":"Crossed Andreev reflection and elastic co-tunneling in a three-site Kitaev chain nanowire device","authors":["Alberto Bordin","Xiang Li","David van Driel","Jan Cornelis Wolff","Qingzhen Wang","Sebastiaan L. D. ten Haaf","Guanzhong Wang","Nick van Loo","Leo P. Kouwenhoven","Tom Dvir"],"author_count":10,"year":2023,"published":"2023-06-13","venue":"Physical Review Letters 132, 056602 (2024)","cited_by":58,"doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.132.056602","arxiv_id":"2306.07696","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.07696","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:2306.07696","updated":"2023-06-13","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W4391471696","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.07696","abstract":"The formation of a topological superconducting phase in a quantum-dot-based Kitaev chain requires nearest neighbor crossed Andreev reflection and elastic co-tunneling. Here we report on a hybrid InSb nanowire in a three-site Kitaev chain geometry - the smallest system with well-defined bulk and edge - where two superconductor-semiconductor hybrids separate three quantum dots. We demonstrate pairwise crossed Andreev reflection and elastic co-tunneling between both pairs of neighboring dots and show sequential tunneling processes involving all three quantum dots. These results are the next step towards the realization of topological superconductivity in long Kitaev chain devices with many coupled quantum dots.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":null,"is_open_access":false,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["cond-mat.mes-hall","cond-mat.supr-con"],"details":null,"provenance":"arxiv","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."},{"id":"arxiv:1705.04103","kind":"article","title":"A Short Introduction to Topological Quantum Computation","authors":["Ville Lahtinen","Jiannis K. Pachos"],"author_count":2,"year":2017,"published":"2017-09-09","venue":"SciPost Physics","cited_by":236,"doi":"10.21468/scipostphys.3.3.021","arxiv_id":"1705.04103","nct_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.21468/scipostphys.3.3.021","archive_url":"https://space-kitty.com/papers/arxiv:1705.04103","updated":"2017-09-12","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"W2741298760","pdf_url":"https://scipost.org/10.21468/SciPostPhys.3.3.021/pdf","abstract":"This review presents an entry-level introduction to topological quantum computation -- quantum computing with anyons. We introduce anyons at the system-independent level of anyon models and discuss the key concepts of protected fusion spaces and statistical quantum evolutions for encoding and processing quantum information. Both the encoding and the processing are inherently resilient against errors due to their topological nature, thus promising to overcome one of the main obstacles for the realisation of quantum computers. We outline the general steps of topological quantum computation, as well as discuss various challenges faced by it. We also review the literature on condensed matter systems where anyons can emerge. Finally, the appearance of anyons and employing them for quantum computation is demonstrated in the context of a simple microscopic model -- the topological superconducting nanowire -- that describes the low-energy physics of several experimentally relevant settings. This model supports localised Majorana zero modes that are the simplest and the experimentally most tractable types of anyons that are needed to perform topological quantum computation.","abstract_license":"CC0-1.0 (arXiv descriptive metadata)","license":"cc-by","is_open_access":true,"retracted":false,"peer_reviewed":null,"categories":["Topological Materials and Phenomena"],"details":null,"provenance":"openalex+arxiv","attribution":"Abstract: arXiv descriptive metadata (CC0). Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. This service was not reviewed or approved by, nor does it necessarily express or reflect the policies or opinions of, arXiv."}],"next":"https://space-kitty.com/api/v1/topics/topological-superconductivity/papers?sort=top&limit=25&offset=25"}