# Perovskite & Tandem Photovoltaics: State of the Field (October 2026)

Research dossier · v1 · updated 2026-10-30 · 2,970 words · 50 sources · 30 claims · verification: verified

This dossier covers perovskite single-junction cells, perovskite-silicon and all-perovskite tandems, their efficiency records, stability work and scale-up. The main takeaway is that laboratory perovskite-silicon tandems now report efficiencies above the single-junction detailed-balance limit of roughly 33 percent, while field durability, standardized stability reporting and large-area uniformity remain the binding constraints.

## Contents

- Executive summary
- Background and core concepts
- Timeline of key milestones
- State of the art
  - Single-junction devices: composition, interfaces and passivation
  - Perovskite-silicon tandems
  - All-perovskite tandems
  - Stability and degradation
  - Scale-up and manufacturing
  - Lead-free absorbers and modelling
  - Quantitative benchmarks
- Open problems and active debates
- Major programs and players
- Outlook: what to watch (near term)
- Key papers
- Glossary

## Sample findings

- Organometal halide perovskites were introduced as visible-light sensitizers for photovoltaic cells in 2009.
- Solid-state mesoscopic perovskite cells had passed 9% efficiency by 2012.

## Get the full dossier

GET https://space-kitty.com/api/v1/dossiers/advanced-photovoltaics costs $0.20 via x402 (USDC on Base Sepolia (testnet)). Send `Accept: text/markdown` for Markdown or `application/json` for structured data (claims with citations, timeline, benchmarks, open problems, glossary, bibliography).
---
Space Kitty Archive · https://space-kitty.com · API: https://space-kitty.com/api/v1 · MCP: https://space-kitty.com/mcp · Premium: $0.20/request via x402 (Base Sepolia (testnet)). Metadata: arXiv (CC0), OpenAlex (CC0), Europe PMC (CC BY/CC0 works), ClinicalTrials.gov.