# CD19: a biomarker for B cell development, lymphoma diagnosis and therapy

Review · Wang K, Wei G, Liu D

- Archive id: doi:10.1186/2162-3619-1-36
- Published: 2012-11-29
- Venue: Experimental hematology & oncology
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2162-3619-1-36
- PMID: 23210908
- PMCID: PMC3520838
- Citations: 455
- Source URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/2162-3619-1-36
- PDF: https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3520838/pdf
- Provenance: europepmc

## Abstract

The human CD19 antigen is a 95 kd transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. CD19 is classified as a type I transmembrane protein, with a single transmembrane domain, a cytoplasmic C-terminus, and extracellular N-terminus. CD19 is a biomarker for normal and neoplastic B cells, as well as follicular dendritic cells. CD19 is critically involved in establishing intrinsic B cell signaling thresholds through modulating both B cell receptor-dependent and independent signaling. CD19 functions as the dominant signaling component of a multimolecular complex on the surface of mature B cells, alongside complement receptor CD21, and the tetraspanin membrane protein CD81 (TAPA-1), as well as CD225. Through study of CD19 transgenic and knockout mouse models, it becomes clear that CD19 plays a critical role in maintaining the balance between humoral, antigen-induced response and tolerance induction. This review also summarized latest clinical development of CD19 antibodies, anti-B4-bR (an immunotoxin conjugate), blinatumomab (BiTE), and SAR3419 (huB4-DM4), a novel antibody-drug conjugate.

_Abstract reproduced under CC-BY (article license as recorded by Europe PMC; abstract reproduced unmodified apart from markup removal)._

Topics: [Cancer Immunotherapy](https://space-kitty.com/topics/cancer-immunotherapy)

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