# Novel Therapeutical Approaches to Managing Atherosclerotic Risk

Review · Giglio RV, Pantea Stoian A, Al-Rasadi K, Banach M, Patti AM, Ciaccio M, Rizvi AA, Rizzo M

- Archive id: doi:10.3390/ijms22094633
- Published: 2021-04-28
- Venue: International journal of molecular sciences
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094633
- PMID: 33924893
- PMCID: PMC8125277
- Citations: 44
- Source URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094633
- PDF: https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC8125277/pdf
- Provenance: europepmc

## Abstract

Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial vascular disease that leads to inflammation and stiffening of the arteries and decreases their elasticity due to the accumulation of calcium, small dense Low Density Lipoproteins (sdLDL), inflammatory cells, and fibrotic material. A review of studies pertaining to cardiometabolic risk factors, lipids alterations, hypolipidemic agents, nutraceuticals, hypoglycaemic drugs, atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation was performed. There are several therapeutic strategies including Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, inclisiran, bempedoic acid, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), and nutraceuticals that promise improvement in the atheromatous plaque from a molecular point of view, because have actions on the exposure of the LDL-Receptor (LDL-R), on endothelial dysfunction, activation of macrophages, on lipid oxidation, formations on foam cells, and deposition extracellular lipids. Atheroma plaque reduction both as a result of LDL-Cholesterol (LDL-C) intensive lowering and reducing inflammation and other residual risk factors is an integral part of the management of atherosclerotic disease, and the use of valid therapeutic alternatives appear to be appealing avenues to solving the problem.

_Abstract reproduced under CC-BY (article license as recorded by Europe PMC; abstract reproduced unmodified apart from markup removal)._

Topics: [Cardiovascular Therapeutics](https://space-kitty.com/topics/cardiovascular-innovation)

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