# Blood-based biomarkers and early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease

Review · Cui Z, Li G, Wei S, Cheng Q, Yu Q, Zong S, Zhang P, Chen H, Yu S, Wu S, Li M, Lu Z

- Archive id: doi:10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-25-00759
- Published: 2026-01-27
- Venue: Neural regeneration research
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-25-00759
- PMID: 41622474
- PMCID: PMC13568666
- Citations: 0
- Source URL: https://doi.org/10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-25-00759
- PDF: https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13568666/pdf
- Provenance: europepmc

## Abstract

Alzheimer's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes. Blood-based biomarkers have recently gained significant attention due to their accessibility and cost-effectiveness. This review highlights the latest progress in multiple key areas of blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. For early diagnosis, blood-based biomarkers such as amyloid-β and phosphorylated tau can identify Alzheimer's disease even before clinical symptoms emerge. Dynamic changes in blood-based biomarkers, including p-tau217 and neurofilament light chain, reflect disease progression and correlate with cognitive decline, enabling continuous monitoring of Alzheimer's disease progression. Additionally, blood-based biomarkers such as p-tau181 and glial fibrillary acidic protein aid in differential diagnosis by distinguishing Alzheimer's disease from other dementias such as frontotemporal dementia. Blood-based biomarkers related to nerve repair have opened up new avenues for tracking nerve regeneration and therapeutic response, especially brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Furthermore, advanced detection technologies such as single-molecule array and immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry have significantly improved the sensitivity and specificity of blood-based biomarkers, facilitating their clinical translation. In summary, blood-based biomarkers hold strong potential to improve early diagnosis, monitor progression, differential diagnosis, and evaluate therapies in Alzheimer's disease. This review provides a comprehensive and updated evaluation of the translational potential of blood-based biomarkers, emphasizing their practical utility in clinical settings and offering insights into future directions for large-scale application. This review emphasizes the need to prioritize the allocation of scientific resources, expedite the transition of blood-based biomarkers to clinical implementation, and ultimately achieve precise treatment of Alzheimer's disease using these biomarkers.

_Abstract reproduced under CC-BY (article license as recorded by Europe PMC; abstract reproduced unmodified apart from markup removal)._

Topics: [Alzheimer's, Parkinson's & Neurodegeneration](https://space-kitty.com/topics/neurodegeneration)

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